长江上游干流近期水沙变化规律分析  

Analysis on variation of runoff and sediment load in main stream of upper Yangtze River in recent period

作　　者：蔺秋生[1] 黄莉[1] 姚仕明[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院河流所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2010年第10期5-8,共4页Yangtze River

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项经费项目(200901003);水利部公益性行业专项经费项目(2007SHZ1-3)

摘　　要：通过对长江上游干流几个主要控制水文站点近50多年水文资料的搜集、整理,分析了长江上游水沙变化的过程、变化特点和变化趋势。分析表明,近50多年来长江上游干流河道来水量没有明显的趋势性变化,而输沙量有减少的趋势;受三峡水库蓄水拦沙和库区上游来沙减少两个主要因素的影响,2003年以来长江中下游来沙量明显减少。长江上游水沙年内分配的特点是年内径流量和输沙量均集中于汛期5~10月,且输沙量更为集中;多年来上述年内分配规律并未发生大的变化。近50多年,长江上游干流河段年径流量时间序列以12 a为主周期发生丰、枯变化;长江上游来水来沙总体呈正相关性。趋势分析表明,目前,长江上游来水相对偏枯,之后几年又将进入一个丰水期;随着长江上游水土保持＂长治＂工程的逐步建设和多座水库蓄水拦沙作用的显现,长江上游总来沙量在水库平衡期内仍将处于一个较低的水平。The variation process,characteristics and trend of runoff and sediment load in the main stream of upper Yangtze River are analyzed based on more than 50 years′ hydrological data.The results show that there is no obvious variation trend in annual runoff of the main stream of upper Yangtze River,however,annual sediment load decreases on the whole;the transported sediment load in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has decreased obviously since 2003 due to the sediment retaining of TGP reservoir and sediment load reduction from the upper Yangtze River.The annual flow and sediment distribution are characterized by concentrating in flood season from May to October,especially for sediment.For recent 50 years,the annual runoff of the upper reaches of Yangtze River varies in a main cycle of 12-years,and based on correlation analysis results,the annual runoff is positively correlated with annual sediment on the whole.The trend analysis shows that the runoff of upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively low at present,and after a few years the Yangtze River will turn into a wet period;with the construction of soil-water conservation works and the appearance of sediment retaining function of reservoirs in the upper reaches of Yangtze River,the sediment load in the middle and lower river reaches will remain in a low level during the reservoirs′ equilibrium period.

关 键 词：水沙情势 变化规律 多时间尺度 趋势分析 长江上游干流 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]