水生生物中化学踪迹的水动力学问题  

THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL CUES AMONG AQUATIC ORGANISMS

作　　者：D.R.Webster M.J.Weissburg 刘青泉[3] 安翼[3] 

机构地区：[1]School of Civil and Environmental Engineering [2]School of Biology,Georgia Institute of Technology [3]中国科学院力学研究所

出　　处：《力学进展》2010年第3期309-322,共14页Advances in Mechanics

基　　金：国家科学基金DGE-0114400;国家科学基金IBN-0321444;国家科学基金OCE-0424673

摘　　要：化学踪迹调控着水生生物的许多关键生命过程,如摄食、繁殖和海底沉淀等.随着流体流速和流态的不同,水生生物所释放的化学物质在被生物体接收之前会经历扩散、层流或湍流对流等输运过程.综述了各种流态中的输运机制及生态效应.从浓度梯度、浓度涨落和空间分布模式的角度讨论了化学踪迹的结构,从中总结出水生动物获取信息的策略.在一些情况下,化学物质的输运是通过多种机制联合作用而实现的,需要引入多尺度分析,而流态和尺度问题则是最近研究中显现出的主要议题.尤其是,组合了生物变量和物理变量的无量纲参数揭示了生物体对化学踪迹反应的一般原则,也促进了对水生生物行为模态的区分和定义.Chemical cues mediate many critical life processes,such as feeding,reproduction,and benthic settling,for aquatic organisms.Depending on the fluid velocity and flow regime,released chemicals are transported via diffusion,laminar advection,or turbulent advection prior to organism reception.Here,we review transport mechanisms and ecological consequences in each regime.We discuss cue structures in terms of concentration gradients,concentration fluctuations,and spatial patterns and draw conclusions about strategies that animals use to acquire information.In some cases,chemical transport occurs through a combination of mechanisms,which requires a multiscale analysis.Regime and scaling are major themes that emerge from recent research.In particular,nondimensional parameters that combine biological and physical variables reveal general principles under which organisms respond to chemical cues and facilitate defining regimes of behavior.

关 键 词：化学物质输运 化学踪迹结构 生物-物理相互作用 

分 类 号：O31[理学—一般力学与力学基础]