泥沙输运模拟综述--现状及其发展趋势  

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELING REVIEW―CURRENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

作　　者：Athanasios N.(Thanos)Papanicolaou Mohamed Elhakeem George Krallis Shwet Prakash John Edinger 李国栋[4] 叶小梅 

机构地区：[1]Univ.of Iowa,IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering,Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering,iowacityia52241 [2]ERM Inc.,Exton [3]Bryn Mawr College,Dept.of Geology [4]西安理工大学水利水电学院

出　　处：《力学进展》2010年第3期323-339,共17页Advances in Mechanics

基　　金：陕西省重点学科建设专项资金资助~~

摘　　要：随着流体力学中数值方法的飞速发展,计算模型已经成为研究流体运动,泥沙输运和不同环境(诸如河流,湖泊及沿海地区)中相应污染物归趋过程等方面非常有吸引力的工具,在过去的30多年里,发展了许多计算水动力学/泥沙输运模型.文章追溯当前具有代表性的(一维、二维、三维)模型的发展历程,描述他们各自的特点,优势及局限,力图作为对模型方面感兴趣读者的第一指南,同时也为大家讨论模型的局限性,未来的发展趋势和研究需求方面搭建一个平台.给出了模型的表达,时空特性,水动力学和沉积物的耦合方式,处理非恒定流,推移质和悬移质,泥沙交换过程,泥沙类型(粘性或非粘性)及非均匀泥沙输运的能力.总结了不同模型的应用实例,读者可以运用这些例子作为研究模型设置,模型率定及模型验证的参考.给出了选择泥沙输运模型应遵循的原则,模型输入及率定方面存在的问题及改进的途径.探讨了现有水动力学/泥沙输运模型在处理复杂湍流,泥沙携带,流动与输沙耦合,非均匀泥沙,离散和扩散系数,河岸来沙处理等方面的局限性及改进的方向.最后,对基于多相流思想的泥沙输运模型及其它一些交叉性问题作了评述与展望.With the rapid developments in numerical methods for fluid mechanics,computational modeling has become an attractive tool for studying flow/sediment transport and associated pollutant fate processes in such different environments as rivers,lakes,and coastal areas,over the past three decades,a large number of computational hydrodynamic/sediment transport models have been developed.The article traces the devel-opmental stages of current representative（1D,2D,and 3D）models and describes their main features,strengths,and limitations,and is intended as a first guide to readers interested in immersing themselves in modeling and at the same time sets the stage for discussing current limitations and future needs.The article provided model formulation,the spatial and temporal characteristics,the coupling/linkage of the hydrodynamic and sediment components,the model capabilities to handle unsteady flows,bed load and suspended load,sediment exchange processes,type of sediment（cohesive versus cohesion-less）,and multi-fractional sediment transport.Some examples of the different model applications are summarized,the reader can use these case studies as a reference guide for model setup,calibration,and verification.The authors also attempt to provide an insight for model users about model choice,problem and way to improve model input and calibration.The article discussed model limitations such as simulating complex turbulent flows,sediment entrainment,multi-fractional transport rates,the treatment of the dispersion and diffusion coefficients,soil contributions from the bank or the hill slopes and floodplains,coupling between flow and sediment processes,and highlighted the future research needs for improving available hydrodynamic/sediment transport models.At last,the two-phase flow approach to formulate models of sediment-flow interaction and other cross-cutting issues are discussed and reviewed.

关 键 词：泥沙输运 数学模型 模型选择 模型率定 模型局限 二相流方法 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]