北极Svalbard地区Austre Lovénbreen和Pedersenbreen冰川表面物质平衡和运动特征分析  

THE STUDIES OF SURFACE MASS BALANCE AND ICE FLOW ON GLACIERS AUSTRELOVéNBREEN AND PEDERSENBREEN,SVALBARD,ARCTIC

作　　者：徐明星[1,2] 闫明[1] 任贾文[3] 艾松涛[4] 康建成[2] 鄂栋臣[4] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局极地科学重点实验室,中国极地研究中心,上海200136 [2]上海师范大学城市生态与环境研究中心,上海200234 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000 [4]武汉大学测绘学院,中国南极测绘研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《极地研究》2010年第1期10-22,共13页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40876098);国家海洋局极地考察办公室北极考察项目资助

摘　　要：对位于北极Svalbard群岛新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)的Austre Lovénbreen和Pedersenbreen冰川首个物质平衡年(2005/06年度)的冰川表面物质平衡及其运动特征进行研究,并阐述了Austre Lovénbreen冰川末端位置的变化状况。结果表明:(1)Austre Lovénbreen和Pedersenbreen冰川净物质平衡分别为-0.44和-0.20m w.e.,年消融量分别为0.99和0.94m w.e.,对应冰川零平衡线高度分别为478.10和494.87m。(2)两条冰川符合Svalbard地区跃动冰川运动的特征模式。运动速度矢量的水平分量表现为:向主流线辐合或平行于主流线。下游运动速度较慢,而在中上游运动相对较快。Austre Lovénbreen冰川表面各观测点的运动速度平均值为2.28m·a-1,运动速度最大值和最小值分别为3.91和0.81m·a-1;Pedersenbreen冰川表面观测点运动速度平均值为6.74m·a-1,运动速度最大值和最小值分别为8.13和5.49m·a-1。运动速度矢量的垂直分量表现为:消融区冰川消融量随海拔升高而减弱,Austre Lovénbreen冰川至E断面表现出微弱的积累,海拔高度略有升高。实际垂直运动量总体符合冰川运动的一般形式,即积累区向下运动,消融区向上运动。(3)Austre Lovénbreen冰川末端2005/06年度处于退缩状态,平均退缩量达21.83m·a-1,各观测点中最大、最小退缩量分别为77.30和2.76m·a-1,差异显著。The glaciers Austre Lov6nbreen and Pedersenbreen are located at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Based on the observation of first year （2005/2006）, surface mass balance and ice flow velocity of both glaciers have been analysed, while the front edge of Austre Lovenbreen has also been surveyed. The results are as following： （ 1 ） The net mass balance of Austre Lovenbreen and Pedersenbreen is - 0.44 and - 0.20 m w. e. , respectively. Their annual ablation is - 0. 99 and -0.94 m w. e, , respectively, and corresponding ELA is 478.10 and 494.87m, respectively. （2） Austre Lovenbreen and Pedersenbreen are characterized as ice flow model of surgetype glaciers in Svalbard. The level vectors of ice flow velocity are parallel or converge to the central lines of both glaciers, with slower velocities at the lower ablation area and relatively faster ones at the middle and upper part of glaciers. The mean, maximum and minimum of ice flow velocities on Austre Lovenbreen are 2.28, 3.91 and 0.81m·a^-1, and Pedersenbreen＇s are 6.74, 8.13 and 5.49 m·a^-1.The vertical vectors of ice flow velocity show that there is a mass loss in the ablation area, which weakness with the increase of altitude, while there exists a mass gain near ELA on Austre Lovenbreen. The actual vertical displacement is in accord with the general pattern that motion is downward in the accumulation area, and is, by contrast, upward in the ablation area. （3） The front edge of Austre Lovenbreen has receded at an average rate of 21.83 m·a^-1 with maximum 77.30 m·a^-1 and minimum 2.76 m·a^-1.

关 键 词：Svalbard地区 冰川 物质平衡 冰川运动 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]