对出土饱水糟朽漆器脱水定型的实验研究——兼论饱水残破漆器的修复  

Study on dehydration of unearthed,water-saturated,rotten lacquerware:restoration of saturated,rotten lacquerware

作　　者：冯宗游 冯莹[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安710054 [2]陕西历史博物馆,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2010年第2期74-78,共5页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

摘　　要：1986年陕西省考古研究院(原陕西省考古所)发掘凤翔雍城秦公一号大墓期间出土的一件饱水糟朽残破漆盂,无法用其他方法对其脱水定型。而沙堆自然干燥法"也只适于处理含水量低(50%左右,最高不超过100%)、木胎质地保存较好的漆器,而不适于处理饱水糟朽漆器。为此,对此方法做了技术上的改进和实验研究。采用乳香胶丙酮溶液加固一沙堆自然干燥法对饱水糟朽残破漆盂脱水定型和修复加固。结果表明,漆盂最大长度的收缩率为零,最大宽度的收缩率为1.3%,绝对含水率为180%;漆盂无变形,彩绘色泽光亮饱满,效果满意。脱水定型机理为用乳香胶丙酮溶液加固、沙堆严格控制脱水速度和用沙堆束缚固定变形应力三重措施抵制消除了饱水糟朽漆盂脱水定型过程中的变形应力,使其脱水定型获得成功。结果提示,本方法打破了"沙堆自然干燥法只能处理含水量低,木胎质地好器物的条件限制,而可对饱水糟朽漆器脱水定型,它比原方法具有更广泛的应用范围。In 1986 ,the Archaeological Institute of Shaanxi Province evacuated a watersaturated, rotten lacquer ＂Yu＂ from Qingong tomb No. 1, at the Yongcheng site of Fengxiang city. No suitable method could be applied to dehydrate and reinforce the piece. The natural sand pile drying method can only be applied to lacquerwares that have a lower water content （around 50%, not higher than 100% ） and well - preserved wooden parts. A technical improvement has been made to this method. An acetone solution of gum mastic was added to the sand for dehydration and reinforcement of the water -saturated, rotten ＂Yu＂ lacquerware piece. As a result, the shrinkage of the longest length of ＂Yu＂ was zero,the shrinkage of its greatest width was 1.3%, and the absolute water content was 180%. There was no distortion and the colored drawing on the surface was saturated and colorful. The result is satisfying. The dehydration mechanism is： the gum mastic acetone solution reinforces the piece;the dehydration speed is con- trolled by the bulk of the sand and the surrounding sand decreased the distortion force. This modification overcame ＂the natural sand pile＂ drying method＇ s limitation to laquerware with low water content and well -preserved wood- en parts. The method can be applied on water - saturated, rotten lacquerware and has broad applicability.

关 键 词：饱水糟朽漆器 脱水定型 修复 乳香胶丙酮溶液加固-沙堆自然干燥法 

分 类 号：K876.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K876.7[历史地理—历史学]