北京市越冬长耳鸮食物中的蝙蝠成分  

Bat Components in the Food of Wintering Long-eared Owls in Beijing

作　　者：袁梨[1] 鲍伟东[1] 王安梦[1] 张逦嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《林业科学》2010年第5期109-112,共4页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金(2004527);北京市生物多样性评价指标试点项目(200812);北京地区野生动物资源信息化管理项目

摘　　要：为研究越冬长耳鸮对冬眠蝙蝠的捕食影响,2003—2005年采用食团分析法对北京市2个长耳鸮群体食物中的蝙蝠成分进行比较研究。结果表明,在2个长耳鸮群体食团中均鉴别出大棕蝠、山蝠、普通伏翼和东方蝙蝠4种蝙蝠,普通伏翼为主要猎物,但2个群体被捕食蝙蝠的数量组成存在明显差异。在不同年度和越冬阶段,2个群体对蝙蝠的捕食强度均为普通伏翼最高、大棕蝠和山蝠占据较小比例,2个群体各年度捕食蝙蝠的组成以及城外群体不同越冬期捕食蝙蝠的组成存在明显差异。2005/2006年度,2个群体普通伏翼被捕食强度均明显下降。长耳鸮的捕食可能给北京地区蝙蝠类群生存带来负面影响,建议适当采取措施控制长耳鸮的捕食。To study the impact of predation on hibernation bats by wintering long-eared owls,bat components in owl food pellets were analyzed at two places of inner city and out city in Beijing from 2003 to 2005. The food pellets were collected monthly each winter and the bat species and numbers in pellets were identified by checking the skulls and limb bones directly. The results showed that four bat species,Eptesicus serotinus,Nyctalus noctula,Pipistrellus abramus and Vespertilio superans were found as prey of wintering long-eared owls and Pipistrellus abramus was the major prey. The species structures of the preyed bat in numbers were different between inner city and out city owls populations. During wintering periods of the three years,the predation rate on Pipistrellus abramus was the highest,the predation rates on Eptesicus serotinus and Nyctalus noctula were much lower,and Vespertilio superans occurred accidentally both at inner city and out city. The annul bat compositions at two places and in the three wintering periods at the out city were different while there was no difference in bat compositions at the inner city. Furthermore,the predation rates on Pipistrellus abramus in 2005 / 2006 at both inner city and out city decreased obviously. The results revealed that bats availability at the inner city was less stable than that of at the out city. The heavy predation on bats by the wintering long-eared owls would affect the bat population survival negatively in Beijing,and protective measures for bats should be taken to lessen the owl predation load.

关 键 词：蝙蝠 长耳鸮 越冬期 捕食压力 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] S718.63[农业科学—林学]