单级氨水吸收式制冷机试验台性能研究  

Effect of Different Conditions on Performance of a Single Stage Ammonia-water Absorption Chiller

作　　者：孔丁峰[1] 柳建华[1] 张良[1] 方志云[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学,上海200093

出　　处：《流体机械》2010年第5期56-62,共7页Fluid Machinery

基　　金：上海市研究生创新基金项目(JWCXSL0901)

摘　　要：针对氨水吸收式制冷机在环保、节能、无噪音等方面的优点,建立了1台单级式氨水吸收式试验样机。应用热量、质量守恒方程对试验样机的不同部件分别建立热力学模型,进行了单级氨水吸收式制冷机性能特性的研究。计算结果与实测数据进行了比较,结果表明：试验样机在发生压力1.17MPa,发生温度89℃,冷却水进口温度29.7℃工况下稳定运行的基础上,性能系数实际值在0.37~0.45之间,与设计的性能系数0.47相比,相对误差为5%~21%。同时进行了系统部件匹配性能分析及变工况下的性能分析。试验表明筛板塔板数越多越有利于提高精馏塔的分离效果,试验过程中板式换热器平均传热温差30.13℃。当冷却水进口温度保持不变,冷却水量加大10%时,对各部件的性能影响较大,系统制冷量下降4%左右。The ammonia-water absorption chillers are thermally driven devices producing a cooling effect.It can be operated without any use of electrical or mechanical energy.The advantage of absorption chillers is precisely that they can utilize low grade energy.An experimental prototype of a single stage ammonia-water absorption chiller with complete condensation was designed,built and tested.The thermodynamic models of the components,based on the First Laws,have been assembled so as to quantify the simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes occurring within the exchangers.Calculated results were compared with experimental data.In the case,the results show that the actual COP of prototype lies between 0.37 and 0.45 for generator pressure of 1.17MPa,generator temperature of 89℃,cooling water inlet temperature of 29.7℃.Compared with the design value,the relative error is surprisingly compared to 5%~21%.At the same time the matching analysis of components and the analysis of performance in different conditions.It shows that the more boards of sieve-plate tower are more helpful to improve the distillation separation effect.The average temperature of heat transfer of plate heat exchanger is 30.13℃.When the cooling water inlet temperature unchanged,the cooling water volume increase of 10%,COP dropped 4%,and the performance of each component is influenced.

关 键 词：吸收式 氨-水 性能 试验 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程]