不同雨强下植被对坡地产汇流和溶质运移的影响  

Influence of vegetation on overland runoff generation,flow concentration and solute transport under different rainfall intensities

作　　者：张小娜[1,2] 冯杰[2,3] 邵伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源所,北京100044

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第3期246-251,共6页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50609005);霍英东青年教师基金(101075);水利部社会公益性项目(200801033)

摘　　要：以室内试验槽为平台,采用人工模拟降雨试验,研究了在3种雨强下有无植被的试验槽坡面流流速、地面径流以及地面径流中Br-,NH4+和NO3-质量浓度变化.结果表明,随着降雨强度的增大,植被对降雨的截留作用明显减弱,对坡面流流速的延缓作用则呈现先增大后减小的趋势;植被对地面径流中NH4+的质量浓度变化过程影响较大,对NO3-的质量浓度影响较小;Br-质量浓度随着降雨历时的增加呈现幂函数递减趋势,且这种趋势随着降雨强度的增大趋于减缓.The overland flow velocity,surface runoff without vegetation,and course lines of Br-,NH＋4,and NO-3 concentrations in the surface runoff under three rainfall intensities （30 mm/h,60 mm/h and 120 mm/h） were studied based on laboratory soil tank experiments and artificial rainfall simulations. The results show that,with the increase of the rainfall intensity,the interception of rainfall by vegetation decreases,and the capacity of vegetation to delay the overland flow velocity exhibits a trend of decrease. The vegetation has the greatest influence on the course lines of NH＋4 concentration in the surface runoff and a lesser influence on the course lines of NO-3 concentration in surface runoff. The Br-concentration appears to have a decreasing trend in the form of a power function with the increase of rainfall duration,and this trend slows with the increase of rainfall intensity.

关 键 词：植被 坡面产汇流 溶质运移 降雨强度 

分 类 号：TV121.7[水利工程—水文学及水资源]