珠三角主菜区土壤速效磷状况调查及施磷效应研究  

Study on distribution and fertilizer effect of available phosphorus in the major vegetable production areas of Pearl River Delta

作　　者：李强[1] 陈琼贤[2] 吕业成 万云巧 曹健[2] 赫新洲[2] 张白鸽[4] 高惠楠[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省农科院蔬菜研究所,广东广州510640 [3]佛山市南海区农业推广中心,广东佛山528200 [4]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2010年第5期73-76,共4页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(粤农[2009]380号);农业部公益性行业科研专项(nyhyzx07-007);广东省农业攻关项目(2008B021000045);广东省科技推广项目(2008B0711030082009B020202003);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD89B14);广东省农业引导项目(20090215)

摘　　要：在珠三角主菜区域,选择了18个试验点,通过比对试验初步提出以菜心为供试品种的土壤速效磷诊断指标:小于11.4mg/kg(极度缺磷);11.4～30.9mg/kg(缺磷);31.0～54.6mg/kg(中度缺磷);54.7～87.8mg/kg(不缺磷);大于87.8mg/kg(含磷超标)。在此基础上,结合低、中、高磷水平下菜区的施磷试验提出了相应区域的施肥指标,结果表明在中低磷菜区,施磷量在20～25kg/hm2时,增产效果明显。为了能够把这种量化的指标推广应用,在珠三角主菜区选择了540个蔬菜田,对其土壤速效磷进行了分析研究,结果发现珠三角主菜区土壤以缺磷和中度缺磷为主,总体上和速效氮的分布情况类似,为科学施用磷肥奠定了一定的基础。Field experiments were conducted in 18 scattered locations in the main vegetable～producing areas in Pearl Rival Delta. Preliminary result about plentiful～lack index of available P of Chinese cabbage was then concluded. The details were as follows, the fields with less than 11.4 mg/kg indigenous P were considered in extremely deficiency of P; the fields with 11.4～30.9 mg/kg indigenous P were supposed as P～deficient soil; the fields with 31.0～54.6 mg/kg indigenous P were believed in medium P～deficient fertility; while when indigenous P was 54.7～87.8 mg/kg, we assumed that these fields hold appropriate available P for the growth of Chinese cabbage; when soil indigenous P supply was more than 87.8 mg/kg, however, those fields were proved over ～accumulated P. Based on above results, further experiment about a suitable rate of P fertilizer for fields with different P fertility （low, medium and high fertility） was performed, their corresponding fertilizer recommendations were then proposed. It’s found that a significant increase of yield could be observed both in low and medium fertility vegetable fields, when 20～25 kg/hm2 P were applied. To further popularize and apply these quantized results, another 500 vegetable fields were chosen and their available P content was analyzed. The results demonstrated that most of these vegetable fields in Pearl Rival Delta were in a shortage or moderate shortage of P nutrient, which was similar to the distribution of available N on the whole. Our results could lay a relative solid foundation for scientific fertilization for vegetables.

关 键 词：珠三角 主菜区 速效磷状况 丰缺指标 施磷效应 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]