不耦合装药下爆炸应力波传播规律的试验研究  

Experimental study of propagation law of explosive stress wave under condition of decouple charge

作　　者：王伟[1] 李小春[2] 

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道学院土木工程分院,石家庄050043 [2]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,武汉430071

出　　处：《岩土力学》2010年第6期1723-1728,共6页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(No.E2010001062)

摘　　要：通过室外爆破试验,利用预埋研制的PVDF压力传感器对耦合及水不耦合延长药包装药爆破时爆炸应力波的中远场压力进行测量,拟合实测结果,得到4种不耦合系数下爆炸应力波峰值随传播距离衰减的指数关系式。分析试验结果可知:①在试验所涉及的范围内,不耦合装药时爆破应力波峰值衰减幅度小于耦合装药(即K=1)时爆破应力波峰值衰减幅度,验证了水介质作为炸药爆轰产物与岩体间的弹性缓冲层作用,减少了粉碎孔壁岩体造成的能量耗散,增加了能量传递,加大了爆炸的作用范围;②当不耦合系数K=3.29时,应力波峰值衰减指数表现出大于K=1.79及大于K=2.57时应力波峰值衰减指数的趋势,表明过大的不耦合系数造成了不耦合介质——水过多的能量耗散(在高温高压下水并不完全是弹性的),削弱了不耦合装药爆破的优势;③在不耦合装药爆破中,存在最佳的不耦合系数,此时爆炸应力波峰值衰减最慢,爆炸能得到充分利用,达到最优的爆破效果。研究结果对不耦合装药爆破的设计及工程应用有一定的指导意义。Based on the outdoor blasting experiments,mid and far field pressures of explosive stress waves are measured using self-made PVDF pressure sensor under the condition of couple charges and water-decouple charges. Whereafter,the attenuation exponent relationships between explosive stress wave amplitude and distance of the wave front from the blasting source in the case of four different decouple coefficients are fitted according to experimental results. The conclusions are drawn as follows. ①In blasting experiments involved range,the attenuation of explosive stress wave amplitude of decouple charge is less than those of couple charge （namely K =1）. According to this result,it is verified that water is suggested as an elastic buffer between detonation products and rock which decreases dissipation of explosive energy caused by crushing the rock surrounding a charge,increases the propagation of explosive energy and enlarges the action region of explosive stress wave. ②The attenuation exponent of explosive stress wave amplitude when decouple coefficient equal to 3.29 is more than those when decouple coefficient equal to 1.79 and 2.57. It is shown that decouple medium （namely water） induces excess dissipation of explosive energy when decouple coefficient is too large,because water is non-perfect elasticity medium under high temperature and high pressure. This weakens the advantage of decouple charge blasting. ③There is an optimal decouple coefficient in the decouple charge blasting. At this moment,in contrast with couple charge and other decouple charge; the explosive stress wave amplitude attenuates most slowly; the explosive energy can be fully utilized; and then the best blasting result will be obtained. The study results have some guiding significance for design of decouple charge blasting and its engineering application.

关 键 词：不耦合装药 爆破试验 爆炸应力波 传播规律 PVDF压力传感器 

分 类 号：O382[理学—流体力学]