江苏潮滩湿地不同生境互花米草形态与生物量分配特征  

Morphology and Biomass Distribution of Spartina alterniflora Growing in Different Tidal Flat Habitats in Jiangsu

作　　者：任丽娟[1,2] 王国祥[1,2] 仇乐[3] 毛志刚[1,2] 刘金娥[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210046 [2]江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,江苏南京210046 [3]南京师范大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2010年第3期220-226,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40973053);江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目(08KTA18002)

摘　　要：通过对江苏潮滩湿地不同生境互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)种群生境特征、形态与生物量分配特征的分析,研究籽实成熟期互花米草形态与生物量分配特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)江苏潮滩湿地自海向陆不同生境间互花米草单株地上生物量、各形态指标、叶生物量比、繁殖分配Ⅰ和繁殖分配Ⅱ差异均显著(P<0.05),且与形态指标及其他生物量分配指标相比,繁殖分配的变异系数最大。(2)互花米草发生地米草生长时间最长,各形态指标(除种子数外)及单株地上生物量均最高;定居时间为1 a的米草各形态指标及单株地上生物量均最低。互花米草单株地上生物量及各形态指标分别与种群定居时间之间均呈正相关关系,其中单株地上生物量、茎长、叶长、叶宽、茎直径和种子数与种群定居时间均在α=0.01或α=0.05水平上呈显著正相关。(3)互花米草各形态指标(除种子数外)与土壤有机质、土壤总氮间均在α=0.01或α=0.05水平上呈显著正相关,土壤有机质与总氮是引起互花米草形态特征差异的重要因素。(4)互花米草各生物量分配指标与种群定居时间及土壤环境因子间在大多数情况下相关不显著,在特定的生境中互花米草特殊的生物量分配特征可能是其适应并成功入侵江苏潮滩湿地不同生境的重要原因之一。Characteristics of the morphology and biomass distribution of Spartina alterniflora at the maturing stage growing in different tidal flat habitats were in Jiangsu and their influencing factors,and characteristics of the habitats were investigated,analysed and studied.Results show that：（1） the differences between the tidal flat wet land habitats varying from the sea to the land were significant（P0.05） in biomass,various morphological parameters,leaf biomass ratio,reproductive allocation Ⅰ and reproductive allocation Ⅱ of individual Spartina alterniflora.The variation coefficient of reproductive allocation was highest among all the morphological and biomass allocation parameters;（2） in the habitat where the plant was first introduced,the plants were the longest in growth age and the highest in all morphological parameters（except seed number） and aboveground biomass of individual plants,while in the habitat where Spartina alterniflora population had established just for 1 year,the plant was the lowest in all the morphological parameters and aboveground biomass.The aboveground biomass and morphological parameters were all positively related to the age of the population.Among the biomass parameters,stem length and diameter and leaf length and width were significant in positive relationship with age of the population（P0.05 or P0.01）;（3） all the morphological parameters（except seed number） were in significant positive relationship with soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen（P0.05 or P0.01）,which might be one of the important factors causing the differences in morphological characteristics of Spartina alterniflora in different habitats;（4） in most cases,biomass distribution of Spartina alterniflora was insignificantly related to population age and soil environmental factors.The special characteristics of biomass distribution of the plants in specific habitats might be an important reason for Spartina alterniflora to get adapted to and to have successfully invaded the differe

关 键 词：互花米草 形态特征 生物量分配 潮滩湿地 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]