水泥窑共处置废白土的环境效益分析  

Environmental benefits of co-processing spent bleaching clay in cement kiln based on life cycle assessment

作　　者：李璐[1] 黄启飞[1] 蔡木林[1] 闫大海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院固体废物污染控制技术研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2010年第6期808-815,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2007BAC16B03;2006BAC-02A19)

摘　　要：以废白土为研究对象,应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置系统3个类别的环境影响[人类健康(HH)、生态系统质量(EQ)和资源(R)]进行研究和对比分析.结果表明,水泥窑共处置废白土有利于环境的可持续发展,焚烧炉处置对环境的影响较大.水泥窑共处置和焚烧炉处置功能单位废白土的总环境负荷分别为-1.03,0.273Pt,前者的环境负荷比后者减少了477%,相应各指标的减少率为:HH413%,EQ479%,R36.9%.EQ在2种处置方式的LCA中均为最敏感的影响指标.水泥窑系统中,避免了贡献率占97%以上的矿山开采阶段的环境影响,是降低整个系统环境影响的关键环节;焚烧炉系统中,电力消耗是造成环境破坏的重要阶段,对各影响指标都有很高的贡献率.二、苯、重金属的排放是水泥窑共处置废白土的主要影响因子;粉尘和重金属排放对焚烧处置系统的影响较大.Life cycle assessment was used to compare the environmental impact of two disposal ways for spent bleaching clay：co-processing in a cement kiln and incineration in common hazardous waste incinerator.Three environmental impact categories,human health（HH）,ecosystem quality（EQ） and resource（R） were quantified.Co-processing in cement kiln was more beneficial for sustainable development of environment than common incineration.The environment burdens were-1.03,0.273Pt for co-processing and incinerating system,respectively.The whole burden in co-processing system was reduced by a factor of 479%,compared to that in incinerating system.The reduction rates for HH,EQ and R were 413%,479% and 36.9%,respectively.EQ was the most sensitive impact category for both LCA of co-processing and incinerating systems.It contributed greatly for the reduction of environmental burden in co-processing system that raw material mining,which account for 97% of total environmental burden.In the incinerating system,electricity consumption made the greatest contribution for all the 3 environmental impact categories.Dioxin,benzene and heavy metals were the most important factors for co-processing spent bleaching clay in cement kilns,while dust and heavy metals were the most important ones to the incinerating system.

关 键 词：水泥窑共处置 焚烧炉 废白土 生命周期评价 环境效益 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]