遮光对温室番石榴新梢和叶片形态及其光合特性的影响  

Effects of Shading on Shoot and Leaf Morphology and Photosynthetic Characters of Guava under Greenhouse Conditions

作　　者：孔云[1] 崔思然[1] 姚允聪[1] 许永新[2] 刘永霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第5期127-130,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：北京市财政资助项目(PXM2009-036204-085979);北京市属高校人才强教项目出国访学项目

摘　　要：由于温室后墙遮光和高密度栽培下枝叶的遮光,北方日光温室番石榴冠层局部常出现严重的弱光现象。为弄清弱光对番石榴的影响,对2 a生温室盆栽"珍珠"番石榴采用遮阳网(遮光率60%左右)覆盖处理,40 d后调查比较新梢和叶片形态及其光合特性的变化。结果表明:新梢长度和节间长度明显增加,叶面积增大,叶片厚度减小,比叶重减小;栅栏组织厚度减小,栅海比减小,气孔密度降低,气孔尺寸变小;净光合速率降低;光合色素含量减小。可见,遮光处理后,番石榴的新梢长势增强,光合性能下降,因此,应采取必要手段改善温室番石榴冠层的光照条件。Severe poor light in guava canopy often occurred in greenhouse production in North China due to the shading of north-wall of greenhouse and,and high-density of shoots and leaves.In order to clarify the effects of the poor light,60% shading net coverage was conducted on the 2-year-potted guava trees in the south region of greenhouse,no coverage served as the control.40 days later,the morphological characters of shoot and leaf,and photosynthetic characters in guavas were compared between the treatment and the control.Results showed that the shading treatment induced longer shoot with longer inter-node,larger leaf area,less leaf thickness and specific leaf weight,thinner palisade tissue,less thickness ratio of palisade/spongy tissue,less stomata density and size compared with the control.In addition,the decreases of net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic pigment content in leaf were found in the shading treatment.Thus,60% shading can increase shoot vigor and decrease photosynthesis performance of greenhouse-grown guava significantly.Therefore,some necessary countermeasures must be used to improve the light conditions within guava canopy in greenhouse.

关 键 词：番石榴 遮光 形态特征 光合特性 温室 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学] S628[农业科学—园艺学]