不同提取方法制备的艾叶挥发油化学成分分析与急性肝毒性比较  

Component analysis and acute hepatotoxicity of volatile oils from argy wormwood leaf extracted by different methods

作　　者：刘红杰[1] 白杨[2] 洪燕龙[3] 张汛[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学医学院,广东广州510632 [2]中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院,广东广州510663 [3]上海中医药大学中药现代制剂技术教育部工程研究中心,上海201203

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2010年第11期1439-1446,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30901936);广东省自然科学基金项目(8451066302001807)

摘　　要：目的:分析不同提取方法制备的广东艾叶挥发油的化学成分,并对其急性肝毒性进行比较。方法:分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法、石油醚超声提取法和石油醚微波提取法制备广东艾叶挥发油,计算挥发油收率,以气相色谱-质谱法分析其化学成分;小鼠口服等剂量不同挥发油5 h后,检查血清ALT等肝功能指标,光镜下观察肝组织形态。结果:水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法、石油醚超声提取法和石油醚微波提取法制备艾叶挥发油的收率分别为1.02%,2.46%,3.17%和3.32%,分别鉴定出80,56,45,78个化合物,共鉴定了153个化合物。与溶剂对照组比较,水蒸气蒸馏油组肝脏显著增大,光镜下可见肝细胞坏死、水肿等,血清ALP,ALT,AST显著升高(P<0.01);超临界CO2萃取油组光镜下可见肝细胞水肿,血清ALP显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:不同提取方法制备的广东艾叶挥发油所含化学成分与急性肝毒性相差较大,以水蒸气蒸馏法制备的挥发油毒性最大,其小分子萜类化合物和部分苯类化合物含量较高,可能是艾叶挥发油产生急性肝毒性的主要原因;艾叶挥发油多种成分的相互作用可能对其急性肝毒性产生影响。Objective： To analyze the chemical composition and compare acute hepatotoxicity of essential oils extracted from argy wormwood leaf in Guangdong by four different methods.Method：Four extraction methods,including hydrodistillation extraction,supercritical fluid CO2 extraction,petroleum ether ultrasonic extraction and petroleum ether microwave extraction,were employed to prepare essential oil from argy wormwood leaf in Guangdong.The products were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using GC-MS and GC-FID.Sixty mice were divided into 5 groups according to different essential oils and took the same dose orally,then after 5 hours,hepatic functional parameters in serum were detected such as alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and so on,and morphologic change of hepatic tissues was observed.Result：The extraction rate of the four methods and identified compounds was 1.02%,80（hydrodistillation extraction）,2.46%,56（supercritical fluid CO2 extraction）,3.17%,45（petroleum ether ultrasonic extraction） and 3.32%,78（petroleum ether microwave extraction） respectively.Totally 153 compounds were identified from those essential oils.Compared with that of the control group,some hepatic functional parameters of hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid CO2 extraction groups rose significantly（P0.01 or P0.05）,and hepatic tissues of hydrodistillation group were damaged significantly.Conclusion：The essential oils extracted from argy wormwood leaf by different methods may have not only different chemical composition,but also different acute hepatotoxicity,and monoterpenes and benzenes in the essential oils might induce acute hepatotoxicity.

关 键 词：中药 艾叶 挥发油 化学成分 急性肝毒性 小鼠 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学]