退役运动员顺畅转型诱发因素及情商、职业倾向个性特征的研究  

Research on Predisposing Factors and EQ,Vocational Orientation and Individual Character of Retired Athletes during Smoothly Transition

作　　者：胡咏梅[1] 姚家新[1] 依惠琴[1] 徐红 朱学雷[3] 张敏[1] 李媛[1] 李文波[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院,天津300381 [2]天津心理咨询协会,天津300253 [3]上海体育职业学院,上海200237

出　　处：《体育科学》2010年第6期38-47,共10页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学研究项目(1079SS07036)

摘　　要：研究是为建立退役运动员心理辅助培训分组筛选指标,并为制定配餐式培训课程提供理论依据。选取42名退役后顺畅转型的运动员为调查对象,采用定性和定量的研究方法探索顺畅转型的诱发因素,揭示顺畅转型运动员的情商及职业倾向的个性特征。结果显示:顺畅转型7个诱发因素按运动员引证率由高到低依次排序为高自我认同、退役前的规划与准备、转型积极应对策略、运动生涯出现退役意识、退役获得的社会支持、退役后的多重角色和内部动机。7个诱发因素可作为心理辅助培训分组的筛选指标,且为心理辅助课程设置提供主要方向。顺畅转型运动员情商平均值为5.23,属于高分,提示可以将运动员情商培养和训练作为心理辅助培训的重要课程。顺畅转型运动员职业类型排序前两位为社会经营型(28.57%)和社会艺术型(21.43%),25名运动员的职业类型达到分化性和一致性的特点。顺畅转型退役运动员择业价值取向首选为充分发挥自己的能力特长,占35.71%;顺畅转型运动员职业倾向主客观测评达到匹配的人数占总人数的78.57%,且达到理想职业人格中身份认定的标准。职业类型匹配和职业倾向主客观评价匹配可作为退役运动员心理辅助分组的筛选指标,同时,为心理辅助培训课程设置提供了理论依据。This study supports a theoretical basis for the preparation,which？is to establish psychological support training grouping indicator and set-meal training course.Taking 42 smoothly transition athletes after retirement as research？subjects,using qualitative and quantitative methods,this paper explores the predisposing factors and EQ、vocational orientation and individual character of retired athletes during smoothly transition.The result shows that：seven predisposing factors of smoothly transition sort from high to low by quoting rate as high self-identity,programming and preparation before retirement,transition of positive coping strategy,retirement consciousness during athlete career,required social support after retirement,multi-personal role after retirement and inner motivation.Seven evocators can be used as psychology support training grouping indicator,and provide the main direct for psychology support course institution.The average EQ of smoothly transition athletes is 5.23,belonging to high score.It suggests that training and developing emotional intelligence can be used as an important course of psychological support？training.The first two of career type sort order of smoothly transition athletes are social-managing（28.57%）and social-art（21.43%）;the first selection of smoothly transition athletes career orientation is to fully develop one＇s specialty,account for 35.71%;the matching people＇s number of the total of smoothly transition athlete vocational orientation subjective and objective evaluation account for 78.57%.The standard of expected professional identity type of matches and career orientation,objective and subjective evaluation of matching can be used as psychological support training grouping indicator.It provides theoretical basis for psychology support training professional training course.

关 键 词：退役运动员 顺畅转型 诱发因素 情商 职业倾向 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]