高超声速飞行器气动防热新概念研究  

NEW CONCEPTION OF AEROTHERMAL PROTECTION FOR HYPERSONIC VEHICLES

作　　者：潘静[1] 阎超[1] 耿云飞[1] 吴洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学国家流体力学实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《力学学报》2010年第3期383-388,共6页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(90716010)~~

摘　　要：传统乘波构型的高超声速飞行器尖锐的前缘存在严重的气动加热问题,而简单的前缘钝化气动防热方法由于造成很大的升阻比损失,难以发挥实质性作用.引入"人工钝前缘(ABLE)"概念,拟以一种新的思路解决这一矛盾.通过定义ABLE构型的外形参数,并采用CFD数值计算方法研究了各参数对气动力和气动热特性的影响规律,在流场分析的基础上进行了外形优化,最终得到令人满意的新型高超声速飞行器头部外形,总结了运用ABLE概念进行气动防热的相关设计原则和规律.High speed vehicles are designed to withstand severe aerodynamic heating conditions.Such vehicles include hypersonic projectiles,reentry payload module and hypersonic aircraft.Maximum heating and the consequent possibility for material erosion are typical problems associated in the nose region of the blunt body.The blunt nose shape also leads to very high aerodynamic drag accompanied by high structural pressure loadings,which exhibit significant effects in the final performance of the vehicle.So,there will be a trade-off study between thermal protection system and high wave drag associated with shock wave formation on such high speed vehicles. Waverider is favorable configuration for hypersonic aircrafts in terms of the high lift-to-drag ratio and integration design facility.However,their sharp leading edge brings severe aero-heating problem,which seriously hinders them from practical applications.Current literatures about aerothermal protection for waveriders mainly focus on the leading edge blunting.However,these researches are all motivated by aerothermal consideration, and the requirements of high lift-to-drag ratio greatly limits the bluntness of the leading edge,thus the effectiveness in aeroheating protection.In other words,the blunting of waverider＇s leading edges seems a theoretically possible way to relieve aeroheating.Under this background,the＂artificially blunted leading edge（ABLE）＂concept is first introduced into the waverider design in the present paper,expected to preserve a relatively sharp leading edge on the aerodynamic aspect,while showing virtual blunt leading edge on the aerothermal aspect,so as to find a new and effective way for waverider aerothermal protection. After a comprehensive formal parameter definition of the ABLE waverider,the influences of the parameters on the aerodynamic and aerothermal characteristics are investigated by means of the CFD numerical simulation. Basing on the flow analysis,with a circuitous process,feasible two-dimensional ABLE waverider configurations

关 键 词：高超声速 气动热 升阻比 热流密度 人工钝前缘 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]