铝冶炼业卫生防护距离标准研制  

Study on health protection zone for aluminum smelting industry

作　　者：窦燕生[1] 王媛媛[1] 胥占忠[2] 张伟[1] 洪燕峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所环境影响评价室,北京100050 [2]江苏省徐州市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2010年第6期721-722,共2页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的研制铝冶炼业有害气体的卫生防护距离标准。方法选择1个铝冶炼企业进行现场调查及检测,并调查周边居民健康效应,根据《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》(GB/T13201-91)中推荐的估算方法 ,对不同生产规模铝冶炼企业的卫生防护距离进行评估,提出铝冶炼企业卫生防护距离标准的建议值。结果铝冶炼企业无组织排放的主要特征污染物为氟化物,生产规模为5,10,15,20,30万吨/年时,氟化物无组织排放量(Qc)分别为2.49,4.97,6.59,8.20,11.82kg/h;企业周边居民过去1年中患上呼吸道感染者占75%,其中气管炎、肺炎占17%,新发鼻炎占14%,咽炎占20%;铝冶炼企业卫生防护距离估算为1453～3638m时,企业周边空气中氟化物、二氧化硫含量均小于国家标准浓度限值(0.02mg/m3.h),提出铝冶炼企业卫生防护距离标准建议值为900～1200m。结论设置铝冶炼业卫生防护距离,提出卫生防护距离标准建议值,有效保护周边居民的身体健康。Objective To determine the health protection zone for aluminum smelting industry.Methods Through full investigation on aluminum smelting industry in China,and extensive on-site investigation and measure,the sanitation protection distance of aluminum smelter was calculated according to the recommended estimation in《Technical methods for making local emission standards of air pollutants-GB/T13201-91》.Results The main fugitive emission pollutant was fluo-ride for aluminum smelter industry in China and the amount of fugivive emission was 2.49,4.97,6.59,8.20,and 11.82 kg/h for the smelter with the production of 50,100,150,200,and 300 thousand tons per year,respectively.According to national concertration limitation of fluoride and sulfur oxide in ambient air and the results of epidemiologic study,the estimated health protection distance was 900-1200 meters.Conclusion The health protection zone for aluminum smelting industry is critical to protect the health of residents living around the smelters.

关 键 词：铝冶炼业 大气污染 无组织排放 氟化物 卫生防护距离 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]