准医护人员艾滋病职业暴露认知及羞辱与歧视  

Knowledge of AIDS-related occupational exposure and stigma,discrimination to HIV among quasi-medical staff

作　　者：贺莉萍[1] 陈运平[2] 李先知[2] 刘勋[2] 黄晓[1] 周勇[1] 李军[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘南学院预防医学与医学检验系,湖南郴州423000 [2]湘南学院06级预防医学本科班

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2010年第6期743-745,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2009年教育部规划课题(FFB090572);2008年湖南省教学改革研究立项项目(212);2009年湖南省第二批大学生研究性学习与创新性实验计划项目(333)

摘　　要：目的了解准医护人员对艾滋病相关职业暴露的认知与恐惧心理以及羞辱和歧视现象,为进一步在准医护人员中开展艾滋病宣传教育提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计调查问卷,随机抽取湖南省湘南学院343名准医护人员进行问卷调查。结果 343名准医护人员对艾滋病职业暴露相关知识的总知晓率为72.5%,其中男生为71.0%,女生为73.2%,不同性别知晓率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);仅6.4%的准医护人员对与艾滋病感染者日常接触各项假设均不惧怕,女生恐惧心理高于男生(t=3.77,P<0.01);男女生对艾滋病感染者相关羞辱感差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);准医护人员中愿意为艾滋病感染者进行手外伤包扎者占35.6%,视情况而定者占60.3%,拒绝处理者占4.1%;认为艾滋病感染者或患者只能到传染病院就医者占83.4%,不愿意为HIV阳性患者做体格检查者占6.9%,会将患者感染HIV的情况告诉其他与治疗无关的同事者占22.2%,在接诊艾滋病感染者或患者时感到紧张与恐惧者占60.1%,认为不应向艾滋病感染者或患者提供就业机会者占23.6%。结论准医护人员对日常接触艾滋病职业暴露相关知识知晓率不高,对艾滋病职业暴露存在恐惧心理,艾滋病相关羞辱感与歧视感较为严重。Objective To understand the knowledge of AIDS-related occupational exposure and HIV stigma and discrimination among quasi-medical staff for reducing HIV stigma and discrimination among quasi-medical staff.Methods In December 2009,343 senior students of clinical medicine and nursing who were about to the professional practice were randomly selected in Xiangnan university.A questionnaire survey was conducted among the quasi-medical personnel.Results There were 343 valid questionnaires collected.The cognitive rate of the quasi-medical staff to 9 problems about AIDS/HIV-related occupational exposure was 72.5%.For nine kinds of hypothetical circumstances having to contact with AIDS/HIV,93.6% of the respondents expressed that in at least one situation they feared casual transmission of HIV;74.1% of the subjects showed different level of stigma.There were 68.5% of the subjects would be ashamed of HIV infection.22.2% of the respondents expressed that it is no neccesary to keep HIV-infection secrecy for AIDS/HIV.83.4% of the respordents expressed that the patients with AIDS/HIV should be hospitalized only in the hospital of infectious diseases if needed.Among the subjects,60.3% indicated that they would look at the situation before making a decision weather they take medical treatment for the AIDS/HIV patients with wound.There were 4.1% of the subjects answered they would refuse to deal with the situation.Conclusion The quasi-medical staff are fear of daily contact with AIDS/HIV and there are serious HIV-related stigma and discrimination among the staff.

关 键 词：准医护人员 艾滋病 职业暴露 知晓率 羞辱 歧视 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]