小麦-不同施肥方式对黑土微生物数量和酶活性的影响  

Effects of wheat root activity and fertilization mode on the microbial amount and enzyme activities in black soil

作　　者：李晓慧[1,2] 韩晓增[1] 王树起[3] 严君[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第6期1143-1148,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB121106);国家科技支撑资助项目(2006BAD21B01和2006BAD05B05)

摘　　要：采用温室盆栽的方法,探讨了不同化肥和小麦根系活动对土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:不种小麦条件下,施氮磷钾处理显著增加了土壤真菌数量,增幅为47.0%;不同肥料均显著增加了土壤脲酶活性和土壤磷酸酶活性,增幅为17.2%～32.7%和21.2%～25.9%。种植小麦条件下,根系活动极显著促进了土壤微生物数量、土壤脲酶和土壤磷酸酶活性的增加,增幅分别为39.0%、302%和38.5%;根系活动与肥料耦合增加土壤微生物数量,增幅为3.3%～31.4%。小麦和肥料耦合显著增加土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性,增幅为59.0%～168%和15.2%～26.7%。磷酸酶活性、细菌数量、真菌数量与小麦根生物量、地上生物量呈显著正相关。A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of wheat root activity and fertilization mode on the microbial amount and urease and phosphatase activities in black soil. Under the conditions without wheat planting, the amounts of soil fungi increased by 47.0% in treatment NPK, and the activities of soil urease and phosphatase under fertilization increased by 17.2%-32.7%, and 21.2%-25.9%, respectively. With wheat planting, the amount of soil microbes and the activities of soil urease and phosphatase in treatment CK increased by 39.0% , 302% , and 38.5% , respectively, clue to the root activity of wheat. The coupling of fertilization and wheat root activity increased soil microbial amount and soil urease and phosphatase activities significantly, with the increment being 3.3% - 31.4%, 59.0% - 168%, and 15.2% -26.7% , respectively. Soil phosphatase activity and the amounts of soil bacteria and fungi had significant positive correlations with the above- and belowground biomass of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦根系 施肥 细菌 真菌 放线菌 脲酶 磷酸酶 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]