人工巢箱条件下白眉姬鹟的繁殖习性和巢址选择  

Nest site selection and reproductive habit of Ficedula zanthopygia in man-made nest box

作　　者：曹长雷[1] 高玮[2] 由玉岩[2] 王继龙[2] 周彤[2] 邓秋香[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,重庆涪陵408100 [2]东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春130024

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第6期1193-1197,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370183);重庆市教委科研资助项目(KJ091304)

摘　　要：2005年2月—2006年7月,通过悬挂人工巢箱,对白眉姬鹟(Ficedula zanthopygia)的繁殖习性和巢址选择进行了初步研究。结果表明:2年间,共悬挂人工巢箱226个,其中25个巢箱被白眉姬鹟利用,以小型山雀式巢箱为主(96%),白眉姬鹟对巢大小有选择性;在人工巢箱条件下,白眉姬鹟的窝卵数为(6.00±0.17)枚,卵长径为(17.45±0.07)mm,卵短径为(13.20±0.06)mm,卵重为(1.54±0.02)g,孵化期为12～14d,孵化率为88.76%,育雏期为12～14d,出飞率为96.22%。影响白眉姬鹟巢址选择的主要因素有巢位因子(31.46%)、巢下隐蔽因子(24.67%)、光照因子(15.70%)和食物因子(11.32%)等,其中巢位因子是白眉姬鹟巢址选择中首要考虑的因素;其次是隐蔽性,它可以减少白眉姬鹟被捕食的几率;光照可以提高巢内温度,对于白眉姬鹟的孵化也起到重要作用;食物则保证了繁殖期亲、幼鸟的食物要求。白眉姬鹟的巢材较为广泛,与当地环境密切相关,反映了白眉姬鹟对生境有较强的适应性。From February 2005 to July 2006, 226 man-made nest boxes were put onto a secondary deciduous forest to study the nest site selection and reproductive habit of Ficedula zanthopygia. Twenty five of the 226 boxes were utilized by F. zanthopygia, and 96% of them were of minitype, suggesting that F. zanthopygia had selectivity on nest box size. The clutch size of F. zanthopygia was 6. 00±0. 17, egg＇ s long size was （ 17.45 ±0. 07 ） mm and egg＇ s short size was （13.20±0.06） mm, average egg weight was （1.54±0. 02） g, average incubation period and nestling period were 12-14 d, hatch rate was 88.76%, and flying rate was 96.22%. The main factors affecting the nest site selection were nest site （31.46%）, concealment below nest （24.67%）, illumination （15.70%）, and food （11.32%）. Nest site was the uppermost factor in nest site selection. Concealment was the second, which could reduce prey probability. Illumination could elevate the temperature within nest, playing an important role in hatching. Food was an important factor in satisfying the nutrition of F. zanthopygia in its breeding season. The materials of the nest were miscellaneous and closely related to the local environment, reflecting the stronger adaptability of F. zanthopygia to habitat.

关 键 词：人工巢箱 白眉姬鹟 繁殖习性 巢址选择 巢材 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]