草地蝗虫发生原因及可持续管理对策  

Reasons for an outbreak of grassland grasshoppers and sustainable management strategies for them

作　　者：孙涛[1] 赵景学[2,3] 田莉华[3] 刘志云[2,3] 龙瑞军[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008 [2]兰州大学青藏高原生态系统管理国际中心,甘肃兰州730020 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2010年第3期220-227,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金重点项目(30730069);国家自然基金青年项目(30600426)资助

摘　　要：本研究探讨了影响草地蝗虫数量动态变化的主要因素,并就如何实现草地蝗虫的可持续管理对策做了较为系统全面的概述。认为全球气候温暖化、干旱化以及区域性气候异常,食物资源,种间种内竞争,环境因子以及草地利用方式和强度等是导致草地蝗虫数量动态变化以及可能引发蝗虫灾害的主要原因。同时提出基于生态安全、经济有效和草地生态系统可持续发展的原则作为管理草地蝗虫的指导方针。最后,将强化蝗虫发生机理及预测预报技术研究,积极探索草地管理措施在调节蝗虫数量中发挥作用,尝试草地蝗虫管理新的方法和技术,扩大生物防治范围和力度并确立新型化学防治技术作为实现草地蝗虫可持续管理的主要措施。The main reasons for the outbreak of grassland grasshopper are discussed in this research and controls by sustainable management countermeasures are considered.Global climate warming,drought,regional climate abnormity,food resources,intra and interspecies competition,environmental factors together with methods and utilization of grasslands may all affect grasshopper population dynamics and contribute to the outbreak of grasshoppers.Ecological safety,economic availability and sustainable development of grassland systems are regarded as three guidelines for management of grasslands.More technical research on monitoring and forecasting grasshopper outbreaks is needed to deal with the current severe disaster caused by the grasshoppers.Measures for better management of grasslands should play a more important role in controlling the grasshopper populations.New management methods should be further explored and the range and force of biocontrol be extended,as well as new chemical control technology be established.Only through the adoption of those measures can the goal of sustainable management of grassland grasshopper be achieved.

关 键 词：草地蝗虫 发生原因 管理对策 生物防治 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]