明清州县监狱的督查制度  

The Supervision System of State and County Prison in Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：柏桦[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300071

出　　处：《政法论丛》2010年第3期92-99,共8页Journal of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：明清州县监狱有多种形式,依其设立是否有典章制度为依据,可粗略划分为正规监狱和非正规监狱两大类。前者由于有章可循、有典可据,所以在设置、设施、管理等方面都比较规范。后者则没有明确的法律依据,是因为某些特殊需要或缘由而设,多是本做它用的场所、设施用于监禁,具有临时性。这些临时性的监狱处于法律和监管的盲区,无论在设立、废止、运行、管理、条件上都有较大的随意性、不确定性。虽然在监管上,无论是正规,还是非正规的监狱都纳入正规管理的范畴,在加强考核、监督的前提下,重视对监狱官吏责任的追究和处罚,但是制度的局限性和弊端也是明显的,不但狱囚生存状况恶化,而且狱政的腐败犹如挥之不去的恶魔,缠绕在州县监狱内外。In Ming and Qing dynasties,there are many kinds of county jails;these prisons can be simply divided into formal and informal ones,which depend on the fact whether it based on relative prison setting system.The former prisons＇ infrastructure and management are managed regularly.But the latter are just temporary settings,due to some special reason,which were prepared for other things.These temporary prisons may not be supervised legally and strictly,their establishment,cancellation,operation and management etc,are optional.On the premise of strict examination,both the formal and informal prisons will be managed regularly,and jailers will be supervised strictly by the legal system,but there is deficiency in the system under many circumstances.Under these circumstances,both the criminals＇ life condition and the corruption of the prison will get worse and worse.

关 键 词：州县监狱 有狱官 管狱官 照刷磨勘 循环簿 

分 类 号：D926.7[政治法律—法学]