种植密度对夏玉米雌穗发育和产量的影响  

Effect of Planting Density on the Yield and Development of Maize Ear

作　　者：李春奇[1,2] 郑慧敏[2] 李芸[2] 李潮海[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心,郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第12期2435-2442,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食科技丰产工程项目(2006BAD02A07-3)

摘　　要：【目的】提高玉米产量,研究不同种植密度对玉米雌穗发育和产量的影响。【方法】田间统计雌穗的花粒数量和吐丝进度;常规石蜡制片观察雌穗的发育和结构。【结果】随着密度的增大,雌穗小花的分化相应推迟;在吐丝初期和吐丝中期,吐丝数量随密度的增加而减少,吐丝后期差异不显著;小花总数、吐丝小花数、受精小花数和饱满粒数随密度的增加而减少,未受精小花数和总退化率随密度的增加而增大;雌穗穗轴维管束数目、维管束总横截面积和韧皮部总横截面积随密度的增加而减少;种植密度在75 000株/hm2时产量最高。相关性分析显示,雌穗穗轴维管束数目、维管束总横截面积和韧皮部总横截面积与种植密度呈显著的负相关,与单穗籽干重、千粒重、穗粒数和产量呈显著的正相关。【结论】种植密度对雌穗小花分化、吐丝进程、花粒数量、穗轴结构和产量影响显著。种植密度在75 000株/hm2时产量最高。【Objective】 In order to increase the yield of maize,the effects of planting density on the yield and development of mazie ear were studied.【Method】 Statistics of floret quantity and silking progress were made in field experiment,and normal paraffin sections were used to observe the development and structure of maize ear.【Result】 The differentiation of florets of maize ear was postponed with the increase of the planting density.The silking number decreased at primary and middle silking stage,but was not significant at late stage with the increase of the planting density.The number of total florets,silking florets,fertilization florets and plumpness decreased,but the number of nonfertilization florets and the degenerative rate increased with the increase of the planting density.The total number and area of vascular bundles and phloem area of maize ear-axis decreased with the increase of the planting density.The yield was the highest at the planting density of 75 000 plants/hm2.The data analysis indicated that the total number and area of vascular bundles and the phloem area of maize ear-axis had a remarkably negative correlation with the planting density,but had a positive correlation with the kernel weight and number of single ear,1 000-kernel weight and yield.【Conclusion】 The planting density had significant effects on the florets differentiation,silking progress,number of florets and kernels,maize ear-axis structure and yield.The yield was the highest at the planting density of 75 000 plants/hm2.

关 键 词：种植密度 玉米雌穗 发育 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]