东汉空间天球概念及其晷漏表等的天文学意义——兼与托勒玫《至大论》中相关内容比较  

The Concept of the Celestial Sphere and the Astronomical Meaning of the Gui-lou Table in the Eastern Han Dynasty——A Comparative study on related tables and theories in Ptolemy's Almagest

作　　者：邓可卉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学人文学院,上海201620 [2]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2010年第2期196-206,共11页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:10863001);内蒙古自然科学基金(20080404MS0111)

摘　　要：论述了东汉《四分历》前后首次出现的一些球面天文概念,并把它们和古希腊有关概念进行比较;在此基础上,进一步探讨了《后汉书》中晷漏表和黄赤道宿度表的天文学意义,认为东汉时期在测算实践的基础上已经初步尝试并基本建立了一个空间天球模型。关于古代中国的"似黄纬",在托勒玫天文学中可以找到类似的概念。比较了东汉和古希腊对于太阳视赤纬、黄赤道坐标变换、昼夜长度和天体中天等的计算方法和考虑问题出发点的异同,前者比较重视测算实践,而后者则建立在球面三角学的基础上。东汉《四分历》为后世"歩晷漏术"确立了基本模式,在中国天文学史中具有重要地位。Based on a description of the celestial sphere and two astronomical tables in the Book of the Later Han （Houhanshu） , this paper argues that in China the concept of the celestial sphere was constructed in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The paper also makes a comparison between the Houhanshu and Almagest regarding their descriptions of the celestial sphere and various celestial calculations, pointing out for the first time a common concept of approximate celestial latitude. In sum, the problems with which they were confronted were the same, but their approaches were different.

关 键 词：东汉《四分历》 《至大论》 空间天球 晷漏表 似黄纬 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1-092[天文地球—天文学]