东海区拖网新伏季休渔渔业生态和资源增殖效果的分析  

Effects of new summer close season of trawl fisheries on fishery ecology and resource enhancement in East China Sea

作　　者：严利平[1] 刘尊雷[1] 李圣法[1] 凌建忠[1] 李建生[1] 李志国 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业资源及生态重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]浙江省象山县海洋捕捞技术推广站,象山315100

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2010年第2期186-191,共6页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：农业部近海资源监测和调查专项;国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD43B01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金(中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所)资助项目(2008M06)

摘　　要：为了更好地养护和合理利用海洋渔业资源，中国政府于2009年开始实施新的伏季休渔制度，其中从6月1日～9月15Et在东海区禁止拖网作业，较原3个月的伏季休渔期提前增加半个月。本研究依据2006～2008年每年6月上半月拖网监测资料，从渔业生态和资源增殖的角度，着重分析研究拖网在6月上半月这一时段休渔的渔业生态效果和资源增殖效果。结果表明，6月上半月禁止拖网作业，主要养护了带鱼、小黄鱼和日本鲭等资源群体，并在一定程度上保护了带鱼的产卵亲体繁殖，对带鱼资源数量的补充起到了增殖作用，同时在较大程度上养护了带鱼和日本鲭幼鱼的自然生长，起到了资源增重作用，但对分布在拖网渔场外的小黄鱼幼鱼保护作用甚微。应用Richer动态综合模型估算，以带鱼为代表种，提前增加半个月伏季休渔期其资源增殖效果较以往3个月伏季休渔期可使年平均资源量增加11．86％，渔获量增加8．06％，平均渔获体重增加9．33％。东海区以拖网占捕捞主导地位的伏季休渔时间的延长，可进一步改善繁殖群体栖息地生态环境。In 2009, a new summer fishing close season which prohibited trawling from June 1 st to 15th in East China Sea was implemented by Chinese government for better conservation and rational of marine fishery resources. Compared with the original 3-month moratorium, the duration of the September utilization new close season increased half a month. To evaluate the effects of the new close season on fishery resources, ecological benefits and resource enhancement were examined using the data from bottom trawl surveys and routine trawl monitoring in the first half of June from 2006 to 2008. Results revealed that the moratorium had an obviously positive effect on the promotion of some commercially important species, such as Trichiurus japonicus, Larimichthys polyactis and Scomber japonicus. The recruitment strength of Trichiurus japonicus was enhanced significantly due to the effective protection of the new moratorium upon its spawning stocks. Meanwhile, the survival rate of juvenile and young Trichiurus japonicusand Scomber japonicus increased obviously, thus the total biomass for the two species increased significantly. However, the new close season had little influence on Larimichthys polyactis juveniles which were mainly distributed outside trawling grounds. The paper also applied Richer dynamic pool model to estimate the difference of resource enhancement between the two summer fishing close seasons. Results showed that the annual average biomass, catch and average fish weight increase 11.86%, 8.06 % and9.33% fishing activities were dominated respectively. The prolonged fishing close season in East China Sea, where by bottom trawlers, could improve the habitat of commercial fisheries in the area.

关 键 词：伏季休渔 渔业生态 资源增殖 Richer动态综合模型 拖网 

分 类 号：S937[农业科学—渔业资源]