三聚氰胺对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究  

Subchronic Toxicity in Rats Caused by Melamine

作　　者：刘英华[1] 张静姝[1,2] 邸金茹[1] 何宁[1] 姜淑青[1,2] 商博东[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心毒理室,天津300011 [2]天津市预防医学研究所毒理室,天津300011

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第5期422-425,I0002,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的研究三聚氰胺亚慢性染毒对大鼠的毒性作用。方法按照《化学品测试方法》(国家环境保护总局)中亚慢性经口毒性试验方法进行。将健康SPF级Wistar大鼠60只按体重随机分为0.625、2.5、6.25、12.5g/kg三聚氰胺染毒组和空白对照组,每组12只,雌雄各半。连续喂饲染毒90d。取出脏器进行称重,计算脏器系数。对血液常规指标、血液生化学指标进行检查。结果在实验周期中,各组大鼠未见死亡,也未见明显的中毒症状。各组大鼠体重间比较,差异均无统计学意义。12.5g/kg组雄性大鼠肾湿重及肾脏脏器系数均高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);12.5mg/kg组雌性大鼠肾湿重高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血液常规指标检查结果均在正常范围内。血液生化学指标检查结果显示,与空白对照组比较,12.5g/kg组大鼠BUN含量均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);12.5g/kg组雄性大鼠CRE含量较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。尿液检查结果显示,与空白对照组比较,12.5g/kg组大鼠潜血阳性率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);6.25、12.5g/kg组大鼠尿钙含量均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。12.5g/kg组肾脏包膜完整,表面出现凹凸不平的瘢痕,肾组织间质有大量炎细胞浸润,肾小管变性、坏死,被结缔组织替代;膀胱腔内有结晶样物质沉积;肾脏组织中病变部位CystatinC表达较弱。其余各脏器未见明显异常。结论肾脏是三聚氰胺毒作用的主要靶器官,亚慢性染毒可导致严重的肾损伤。Objective To study the sub-chronic exposure of melamine induced toxicity in rats. Methods Subchronic oral toxicological test methods was used in the study. Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups,12 in each, sexual ratio was 1：1, treated with melamine through feed at the doses of 0,0.625,2.5,6.25 and 12.5 g/kg respectively, for consecutive days. The organs coefficients were determined and the routine urine tests, biochemical assays and morphological observations were performed. Results During the study, no death and obvious toxic symptoms were observed in each group. Compared with the control group, the kidney coefficients of male rats in 12.5 g/kg feed group were higher. Conventional indicators of the blood test results were normal. BUN of both sexes in 12.5 g/kg group were higher than that in the control group （P〈0.05）, CRE of male rats in 12.5 g/kg group were higher than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of occult blood examination in both sexes in 12.5 g/kg were higher than that in the control group （P〈0.05）; Tile urinary calcium levels in 6.25 and 12.5 g/kg group were significantly higher compared with that of the control group （P〈0.05）. Kidney capsule integrity and rugged surface of the scar were observed in 12.5 g/kg group,a large number of renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration,tubular degeneration,necrosis, substituted by connective tissue; crystal-like substance deposition were observed in bladder cavity; Cystatin C expression was lower in kidney tissue. No obvious abnormalities were observed in the other organs. Conclusion The kidney is the main target organ for melamine, sub-chronic exposure to melamine can lead to serious kidney damage.

关 键 词：三聚氰胺 大鼠 亚慢性毒性 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]