机动车尾气暴露与交通协管员呼吸系统症状和肺功能的关系研究  

Study on Relationship between Automobile Exhaust Exposure and Respiratory Syndromes and Lung Function among Traffic Police Assistants

作　　者：邵瑜[1] 程义斌[2] 徐东群[2] 康家琦[2] 张广生[2] 顾珩[2] 许慧慧[3] 金银龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院公共卫生学院,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021 [3]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第5期436-439,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家环境与疾病监测项目;世界卫生组织资助项目

摘　　要：目的研究机动车尾气排放与交通协管员呼吸系统症状和肺功能的关系。方法在某市部分城区主干道设置交通污染监测点,在距主干道>500m的社区设置社区对照监测点,监测大气中NO2、CO、PM2.5的浓度,同时分别选择200名交通协管员和社区工作人员作为暴露组和对照组,进行问卷调查和肺功能检测。结果交通污染监测点周边大气环境中的NO2、CO和PM2.5的平均浓度分别为(0.16±0.24)、(2.52±1.53)、(0.10±0.05)mg/m3,分别高于社区对照监测点(P<0.01);交通协管员出现呼吸道症状的危险性高于社区工作人员(OR=2.250,95%CI:1.494～3.388);男性交通协管员的吸气量〔(2.10±0.61)L〕、女性交通协管员的吸气量〔(1.64±0.36)L〕和潮气量〔(1.11±0.44)L〕均低于社区工作人员,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论交通协管员呼吸系统症状发生率上升,吸气量和潮气量下降,可能与暴露于机动车尾气有关。Objective To research the relatiouship between automobile exhaust exposure and respiratory syndromes and pulmonary function among traffic police assistants. Methods The traffic pollution monitoring sites were set in urban arterial streets of a selected city, and the control monitoring sites were set in neighborhood communities over 500 meters away from the arterial streets to monitor the concentrations of NO2, CO and PM2.5 in the air pollutants. At the same time, 200 traffic police assistants were selected as the exposure group and 200 staff members of neighborhood communities were selected as the control group respectively for the questionnaire survey and lung function examination. Results The average concentrations of NO2, CO and PM2.5 around traffic pollution monitoring sites were （0. 16±0.24）, （2.52±1.53 ） and （0.10±0.05） mg/m^3 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of community control monitoring sites （P〈0.01）;The risks of prevalence of respiratory syndromes of traffic police assistants was higher than those of staff members of neighborhood communities （0R=2.250,95%CI： 1.494-3.388 ）; The inspiration capacity of male [ （2.10±0.61 ） L ] and female [ （ 1.64±0.36 ） L] traffic police assistants, and the tidal volume [ （ 1.11 ±0.44） L] were all lower than those of staff members of neighborhood communities, with significant differences. Conclusion The increasing incidence rates of respiratory syndromes among traffic police assistants and the descending of inspiration capacity and tidal volume are probably associated with their exposure to the automobile exhaust.

关 键 词：机动车尾气 空气污染 呼吸系统症状 肺功能 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]