陕西吴起县退耕还林地不同植被水土保持效益分析  

Soil and Water Conservation Benefit Analysis for Different Vegetation in Young Forests Converted by Farmland of Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：赵健[1] 魏天兴[1] 陈致富[1] 朱文德[1] 周毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第3期31-34,49,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1206);水土保持科技创新平台开放基金课题

摘　　要：在全国退耕还林工程示范县陕西省吴起县退耕还林地内设置了野外径流小区,在对其进行了土壤物理性质、入渗、抗冲实验及实测泥沙资料基础上,分析了退耕还林后不同植被类型的水土保持效益,结果显示:土壤入渗的初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率大小顺序为油松>荒草地>沙棘+油松b>沙棘+油松a>沙棘;土壤抗冲性能沙棘林地最强,沙棘+油松林地次之,油松林地最弱;土壤产沙量为油松林地最大,沙棘与沙棘+油松林地相对较少;地表径流量为油松林地>荒草地>沙棘+油松林地b>沙棘+油松林地a>沙棘林地;退耕还林后,土壤物理性质得到不同的改良。油松林地的土壤容重最高,土壤总孔隙度与土壤毛管孔隙度最低。因此,退耕还林可有效地防治水土流失,而不同植被类型中沙棘纯林的水土保持效益最为显著。This research is the first one which sets up the field runoff plots in demonstration counties of returning farmland to forest project,Wuqi county in Shaanxi province,and basis on its conduct of soil physical properties,infiltration,and impact test and sediment data,analyzing soil and water conservation benefit of different vegetation types.The result shows that： size of the order of the initial infiltration rate,steady infiltration rat and the average infiltration rate of soil infiltration of forest land is pinegrasslandsea-buckthorn＋pine bsea-buckthorn＋pine asea-buckthorn;the sea-buckthorn forest has the strongest soil impact resistance,followed by seavbuckthorn＋pine,pine forest is the weakest;the largest sediment production is pine forest,sea-buckthorn＋pine and sea-buckthorn fores are relatively less;size of the order of surface runoff of forest land is pine grasslandsea-buckthorn＋pine bsea-buckthorn＋pine asea-buckthorn;after returning farmland to forest,the soil physical property obtains the different improvement.The soil bulk density of pine forest land is the maximum;while its soil total porosity,capillary porosity is the minimum.Therefore,returning farmland to forest can prevent and control the soil erosion effectively,but the sea-buckthorn＇s conservation of water and soil benefit is the most remarkable in the different vegetation types.

关 键 词：林草植被 土壤入渗 土壤抗冲 地表径流量 产沙量 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]