花生不同种植方式对田间土壤微环境和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Peanut Planting Patterns on Field Soil Microenvironment and Pod Yield

作　　者：林英杰[1] 李向东[1] 周录英[2] 李宝龙[3] 赵华建[1] 高芳[1] 张佳蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省安丘市农业局.山东潍坊262100 [3]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第3期131-135,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD21B04-9,2009BADA8B03);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30840056)

摘　　要：在大田条件下,采用随机区组设计了春播覆膜(CBFM)、春播露地(CBLD)、麦田套种(MT)、麦田露地(MTLD)、夏播覆膜(XBFM)和夏播露地(XBLD)6种花生种植方式。研究了不同种植方式对花生田间土壤物理性状、土壤微生物量碳、活跃微生物量、土壤呼吸及花生产量的影响。结果表明,花生不同种植方式对土壤微环境和花生产量具有明显影响。花生春播覆膜和麦田套种种植提高了土壤孔隙度、毛管和非毛管孔隙度,增加了细菌和放线菌数,降低了土壤容重和真菌数,提高了土壤微生物量碳、活跃微生物量及土壤呼吸速率,有利于土壤养分的分解和有效化;花生覆膜种植可明显增加荚果产量,春花生覆膜的增产作用大于夏花生覆膜,麦田套种的花生产量最低。因此,在一年一熟的春花生产区应以覆膜种植方式为主;在小麦花生一年两熟的花生产区,可以推广收麦后直播花生的种植方式。Effects of different planting patterns on soil physical properties,bacteria,fungi,acyinomycete,soil microbiomass C,active soil microbiomass,soil respiration and pod yield of peanut were investigated using six planting patterns in a randomized design.Results showed that,effects of different planting patterns on soil microenvironment and pod yield of peanut were significant.In the patterns of plastic film mulching system of spring seeded and interplanting in wheat field system,total porosity,non-capillary,capillary porosity,bacteria,actinomycete numbers,soil microbiomass C,active soil microbiomass and soil respiration were increased,while bulk density and fungi numbers decreased,conducing the decomposition and effectivity of soil nutrient.Pod yield of peanut were increased significantly in the plastic film mulching system,and spring seeded was more effective than summer-planting.The pod yield of interplanting in wheat field system was the lowest.Thus,plastic film mulching system should be the main planting pattern in annual planting regions of peanut,while open cultivation of summer-planting should be generalized in wheat and peanut interplanting regions.

关 键 词：种植方式 花生 土壤微环境 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S154.3