不同施氮量下一次与分次施氮对大豆土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Single and Multiple N Application under Different Total N Fertilizer on the Amount of Microorganisms and Activity of Enzymes of Soybean

作　　者：严君[1,2] 韩晓增[1] 王树起[1] 李晓慧[1] 朱巍巍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,哈尔滨150081 [2]东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第3期150-154,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2005CB121106);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD21B01;2006BAD05B05)

摘　　要：采用框栽试验方法,研究不同施氮量下一次和分次施氮对种植大豆土壤中微生物的数量、组成,土壤酶活性及大豆产量的影响。结果表明:细菌占绝对优势,细菌数量的变化决定微生物总数量的变化。不同施氮量下一次和分次施氮土壤细菌、微生物总数量均随着施氮量的增加而下降;相同施氮量下,除225 kg/hm2水平外,分次施氮土壤微生物总数量分别较一次施氮各处理土壤微生物总数量增加了30.3%和6.3%;而生物多样性指数则是一次施氮均高于分次施氮各处理。一次施氮土壤脲酶和转化酶活性的均随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,而分次施氮方式下,土壤脲酶和转化酶活性则随着施氮量的增加而增加;相同施氮量下,分次施氮土壤脲酶和转化酶活性均高于一次施氮各处理。In this paper,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of single and multiple N application under total N fertilizer on the quantity of microorganisms,biodiversity indices,activity of enzymes and yield of planted soybean.The results showed that bacteria were the predominant microorganisms,and the total number of soil microorganism varied with the dynamic changing of the amount of soil bacteria.Whether the single or the multiple N application,the change of bacteria and total microorganisms showed a decreased trend with the increasing nitrogen application rate.Under the same N application rate,the treatments with the multiple N application had more microorganisms than that of the treatments with the single N application,increased by 30.3% and 6.3%,respectively,except the treatment with 225 kgN/hm2.However,the biodiversity indices showed the opposite trend.The treatments with single N application showed first increased and decreased thereafter with the increasement of nitrogen application rate.In addition,the trend of those of the treatments with multiple N application showed increased with the increasement of nitrogen application rate.Moreover the treatments with single N application had higher urease and invertase enzyme activity than that of multiple N applications.

关 键 词：土壤微生物 脲酶 转化酶 一次施氮 分次施氮 大豆 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]