陕西玉米害螨的发生与生态控制对策  

ON THE BIONOMICS AND ECOLOGICAL CONTROL TACTICS OF TETRANYCHUS TRUNCATVS EHARA IN CORN FIELD IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

作　　者：陈志杰[1] 张淑莲[1] 张美荣[1] 张兴[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省动物研究所,西安710032 [2]西北农业大学

出　　处：《植物保护学报》1999年第1期7-12,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金

摘　　要：陕西玉米田害螨有3种,截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus Ehara为优势种。在关中灌区年发生12～13代,陕南13～14代,陕北9～10代,以雌成螨越冬,3月下至4月初开始产卵,5月底至6月初迁入春播玉米田,6月下至7月初迁入夏播玉米田,7月中至8月下是为害高峰及防治的关键时期。害螨在玉米植株上垂直分布具有明显的层次性,以中部密度最大。玉米播种早、长势差、种植密度小、田间自然天敌少及7～8月极端高湿出现时间短的年份害螨种群数量大,为害重。区域连片种植,清除田间杂草、培肥地力,促进玉米发育,并结合追肥根施涕灭威有效成分1200g/hm^2是控制害螨的重要措施。Tetranychus truncatus Ehara is a dominant mite pest of corn in Shaanxi Province. There are 12-13 generations in Guanzhong Irrigation Area, 13-14 generations in South Shaanxi, and 9 - 10 generations in North Shaanxi. It overwinters by female adult, and begin to lay eggs from late march to early April, the mite pest moves to spring sowing corn fields since the end of May to early June, and to summer sowing corn field since late June to early July, and the time from middle July to late August is its peak damage stage and also the critical period of control. The vertical distribution of T. truncatus on corn plants is obviously stratiform, and the highest density of mite is on the middle part of corn plant. All the conditions such as early sowing, bad growing, low corn plant density, few natural enemies and short duration of the appearance of extremely high humidity from July to August, etc. have caused high mite density and severe damage to corn, and the areawide corn growing, weed control, enhancement of soil fertility and application of timik are important measures against this mite pest.

关 键 词：玉米 害螨 生物学特性 生态控制 截形叶螨 

分 类 号：S435.132[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]