传统农业地区土地利用方式变化的驱动因子分析——基于贵州省从江县农户行为的实证研究  

Analysis on Driving Factors of Land Use Change in Traditional Agricultural Regions: An Empirical Study Based on Household Behaviors

作　　者：杨海龙[1,2] 吕耀[1] 焦雯珺[1,2] 闵庆文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第6期1050-1056,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：联合国-西班牙千年发展目标基金项目"文化与发展伙伴关系"成果产出2.1部分"从江农业文化遗产保护与发展规划"(UNJP/CPR/040/SPA)

摘　　要：稻鱼复合土地利用方式不仅节约耕地,而且能有效改善农田生态环境,但其投入的劳动力成本较高。近年来随着经济发展,农业劳动力机会成本升高,农业生产比较效益降低,传统的稻鱼复合土地利用方式正逐渐向水稻单一种植模式转变。农户作为土地利用的微观主体,其行为方式直接决定着土地的利用方式。本文从农户行为角度研究了农户行为对土地利用方式变化的影响,并得出如下结论:①经济收益是诱导农民改变土地利用方式最重要驱动因子,农户家庭年收入每增长1万元,其选择单一土地利用方式的偏好增长32.7%;②劳动力素质和劳动力投入也是重要的驱动因子,劳动力素质高意味着其机会成本高,农户选择单一土地利用方式的偏好亦随之增强,农户选择水稻单一种植的土地面积每增加9.1%可以节约100h劳动时间;③虽然水稻单一种植的农资投入水平较高,但并不足以阻碍农民选择水稻单一种植土地利用方式;④民族文化与心理因素延缓了稻鱼复合土地利用方式的消亡速度。本研究中,农户作为一个独立的经济体,从经济效益最大化角度看农民的选择行为是理性的经济行为。但片面追求经济效益却忽视了传统土地利用方式的资源环境效益,如何科学改进传统土地利用方式,使其在经济效益与资源环境效益之间达成平衡是需要进一步研究的课题。With the development of agricultural science and technology,agricultural land use patterns are changing gradually.Congjiang County in Guizhou Province is characterized by mountains,limited arable land,a warm climate and plentiful precipitation.Integrate rice-fish agriculture,combining rice planting with fish culture,is a distinctive land use pattern developed by local residents to adapt to local natural conditions.It is one of excellent traditional land use patterns due to enormous advantages like saving farmland,improving the field eco-environment and enhancing paddy output capacity.However,the comparative benefits of the integrated rice-fish agriculture are generally lower.In recent years,the land use pattern is changing into a monoculture and high-input pattern.As a micro subject of land use,farmers’ behavior directly determines the land use pattern.This paper aims to examine the driving factors of land use change resulting from household behaviors.It is concluded that;1） the economic benefit is the most important driving factor to spur farmers to change land use patterns.With an increase in annual household income of 10 thousands yuan,the farmers’ preference to choose single land use pattern would increase around 32.7%;2） the labor quality and labor input are also important driving factors.High quality labor force means high labor opportunity costs,and the farmers’ preference to choose single land use pattern also increases.Provided that the monoculture land area increase by 9.1%,the farmers’ working time can be saved by 100 h such that they can seek non-agricultural employment to increase non-agricultural incomes;3） although the agricultural material input of rice monoculture is higher than that of the integrated rice-fish agriculture,it would not prevent farmers from choosing labor-saving land use patterns.Nevertheless,the high agricultural input may cause potential environmental impacts;4） driven by economic benefits,the local farmers are gradually abandoning the traditional integrated rice

关 键 词：土地利用方式 驱动因子 农户行为 稻鱼共生系统 贵州省从江县 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]