低浓度金属汞危害的职业流行病学研究  

Occupational Epidemiology on Hazards Due toLow Exposure to Elemental Mercury

作　　者：傅慰祖 罗小伟 

机构地区：[1]上海市劳动卫生职业病防治研究所

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》1999年第1期1-5,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：在控制影响评估的混杂和／或干扰因素和规定了相应的各变量和判别标准，对五个地区６个生产体温计和荧光灯管工厂进行了十余年的作业环境空气汞蒸气的检测，以及历年的职业健康监护结果，与相应的对照工人作比较；讨论了金属汞接触水平与汞危害（包括女工月经和生殖结局）之间关系。主要结果表明：接汞水平相当于００３ｍｇ／ｍ３，尿汞水平低于００５ｍｇ／Ｌ，长期接触后轻度汞中毒的发生率为１９％，不致引起女工月经和生殖结局的改变。据此将车间空气中金属汞的最高容许浓度由原００１ｍｇ／ｍ３修订为００２ｍｇ／ｍ３，并于１９９６年批准和颁布。This paper was aimed at studying the correlation between low level of mercury exposure and its health risk.The airborne mercury at workplace has been monitored for 14 years(19801993)in four thermometer plants and two fluorescent tube factories located in five cities.Meanwhile,the health surveillance files referring the same period had also been reviewed.With the strict control of various confounding and stipulation of corresponding indicators concerned,the variables were analyzed as those of the control group.The relationship between low level of mercury exposure and its adverse effects,including menstrual disorders and outcomes of pregnancy among female workers,was investigated.The results indicated that airborne mercury exposure level 003 mg/m3 was equivalent to urinary mercury level of 005 mg/L and long term exposure below this level may cause mild mercury poisoning at an incidence rate of 19%,which was not likely to obviously affect the menstruation status and pregnancy outcomes.Based on thisstudy,it suggested that the maximum allowable concentration(MAC)could be amended from 001 mg/m3 to 002 mg/m3,which has recently been approved as arevised health standard for mercury in the air of workplaceadopted in China.

关 键 词：汞中毒 月经 生殖结局 职业危害 职业流行病学 

分 类 号：R135.13[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R181.31[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]