齿轮箱故障振动信号的阶比多尺度形态学解调  

The Order Multi-scale Morphology Demodulation of the Vibration Signal of a Fault Gearbox with Rotating Speed Fluctuation

作　　者：罗洁思[1] 于德介[1] 彭富强[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2010年第11期114-120,128,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划;2009AA04Z414);国家自然科学基金(50875078);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20060532009);教育部长江学者与创新团队发展计划(531105050037);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主课题(60870002)资助项目

摘　　要：为从非平稳转速齿轮箱故障振动信号中提取包含故障信息的特征频率,提出阶比多尺度形态学解调方法,该方法采用线调频小波路径追踪算法获得齿轮箱转速信号,根据转速信号对时域振动信号进行等角度重采样,并用基于信号局部峰值的方法确定多尺度形态学分析的结构元素,用各结构元素对重采样信号进行形态学操作,对操作结果的平均值做频谱分析,以完成阶比多尺度形态学的解调过程。由于噪声与线调频基元函数的相似性很小,使得线调频小波路径追踪算法能从低信噪比的时域振动信号中准确获得转速信号,而多尺度形态学解调是对各尺度形态学分析结果的平均值进行频谱分析,能有效地抑制噪声,从而使得该方法具有很好的抗噪性能,适合用于工程实际中转速波动齿轮箱振动信号的分析,仿真分析和应用实例证明该方法的有效性和优越性。The order multi-scale morphology demodulation approach is proposed to extract the fault characteristic frequency from the vibration signal of a fault gearbox with rotating speed fluctuation. The chirplet path pursuit algorithm is used to obtain the rotation speed signal of the gearbox. According to the rotation speed signal,the time domain vibration signal of the gearbox is resampled at constant angle increments. An algorithm based on the information of local peaks of the signal is used to figure out the structuring elements for multiscale morphology analysis. The structuring elements are used to carry out morphology operations on the resampled signal. Spectral analysis on the average value of the operation results is carried out,so as to accomplish the order multi-scale morphology demodulation. Since the noise components do not correlate with the chirplet functions closely,the chirplet path pursuit algorithm can extract the rotation speed effectively even if the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration signal is very low. By averaging the results of each scale morphology analysis,the multi-scale morphology demodulation can restrain the noise effectively. The proposed approach has good anti-noise ability,and is suitable for analyzing the actual vibration signal of a gearbox with rotating speed fluctuation. Simulation and practical application examples prove the validity and superiority of the proposed method.

关 键 词：线调频小波 阶比跟踪 多尺度形态学 故障诊断 信噪比 

分 类 号：TH115[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TP277[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]