不同壳色菲律宾蛤仔品系F_2的表型性状  

Studies on phenotypic traits of different shell color strains F_2 of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)

作　　者：闫喜武[1] 张跃环[1] 霍忠明[1] 孙焕强[1] 杨凤[1] 张国范[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2010年第6期701-709,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2006AA10A410);辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(2007T104);辽宁省科技特派团项目(2008203005)

摘　　要：于2007年9月,对选育的菲律宾蛤仔不同壳色品系(C:对照组;Tr:两道红品系;Tw:两道白品系;Ab:玛瑙黑品系;Or:海洋红品系;Pw:珍珠白品系;Z:斑马蛤品系;W:波纹蛤品系)F1和F2的表型性状进行了研究。结果表明,1龄F1的壳长以Pw最大,与Tr差异不显著(P>0.05),明显大于对照组及其它品系,Z壳长最小且与其它品系差异显著(P<0.05),C的壳长明显小于Tw、Ab(P<0.05),但与Or、W差异不显著(P>0.05);F1鲜重也以Pw最大,Z最小,且与其它品系差异显著P<0.05),Tr、Tw、Ab和Or鲜重差异不显著(P>0.05),但明显大于C(P<0.05);F1产卵量Pw、Tr明显高于其它品系,Z、C明显小于其它品系(P>0.05),Tw、Ab、Or和W彼此差异不显著(P>0.05);F2的表型性状,C的孵化率低于其它品系(P<0.05),但与Tw无显著差异(P>0.05),各壳色品系间卵径、受精率和D形幼虫大小差异不显著(P>0.05)。浮游期结束时(9日龄),W与Z幼虫壳长明显大于其它品系(P<0.05),Tw、Ab、Or、Pw、Z彼此间差异不显著(P>0.05);幼虫存活率大小顺序为,Ab、Z>Or、W>Tw、Pw>Tr>C,彼此差异显著(P<0.05)。变态时间和变态规格各品系间无显著差异(P>0.05),变态率大小的顺序为Ab>Z>Tw>Or>Pw>W>Tr>C,彼此差异显著(P<0.05)。室内培育阶段结束时(240日龄),Ab壳长最大,但与Or、Tr差异不显著,Z壳长最小,但与C、W差异不显著(P>0.05),C与Pw、W,Tr、Tw、Or之间,以及Tw与Pw差异也不显著;Z的存活率最高,明显高于除Ab外的其它品系,C的存活率最低,明显低于除Tr、Tw外的其它品系,W>Or>Pw,彼此差异显著(P<0.05)。360日龄时,Pw壳长和鲜重最大,显著大于其它壳色品系(P<0.05),Ab和Z壳长和鲜重显著小于其它壳色品系(P<0.05);Ab和Z的存活率高于其它品系(P<0.05),但与Or、Pw差异不显著(P>0.05),Or存活率高于C(P<0.05),其它各品系存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。从相对产量上看,Z(678.63%±56.80%)>Ab(554.88%±69.42%)>Or(527.23%±76.21%)>W(475.97%±90.25%)>Pw(405.90%±55.19%)>Tw(224.89%�The study on phenotypic traits of different shell color strains F1 and F2 （ C ： the control strains ; Tr; two-band red strain; Tw ： two-band white strain; Ab ： agate-black strain ; Or： ocean-red strain; Pw ： pearl- white strain; Z ： zebra strain ; W ： wave strain. ） of Manila clam was conducted in September 2007. The results showed that the shell length of Pw F1 was the greatet, and significantly greater than others except Tr （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the shell length of Z was the smallest, and significantly smaller than others （ P 〈 0.05 ）, there were no obvious differences in shell length among C, Or, W, between Tr and Tw, among Tw, Ab, Or, among Ab, Or, W（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Both fresh weight and fecundity of Pw F1 were the greatet, that of Tr were the second greatet and significantly greater than others （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, those of Z were the smallest, and significantly smaller than others （ P 〈 0.05 ）, there were no remarkable differences between C and W, among Tw, Ab, Or in fresh weight and between C and Z, among Tr, Ab, Or, W in fecundity （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. No significant differences in egg-diameter,the fertilized rates and size of D larvae were observed among all strains （P 〈 0.05 ）, the hatching rate of C was significantly lower than those of other strains except Tw （ P 〈 0.05 ）. By end of pelagic period （9 d）, the shell lengths of W and Z were significantly greater than those of other strains （P 〈0.05） ,there were no remarkable differences in shell length among Tw,Ab,Or,Pw,Z,W（P 〉0.05） ; the sequences of survival rates were following ： Ab, Z 〉 Or, W 〉 Tw, Pw 〉 Tr 〉 C, there were significant differences among them（ P 〈 0.05 ）. No remarkable difference in both metamorphic time and metamorphic size among all strains was observed （ P 〉 0.05 ）. There were such a sequence in metamorphic rates as follows ： Ab 〉 Z 〉 Tw 〉 Or 〉 Pw 〉 W 〉 Tr 〉 C, there were significant differences among them （ P 〈 0.05 ）. By the end of

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 壳色 品系 表型性状 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]