不同土壤类型下重金属Cd对水稻剑叶光合特性和产量构成的影响  

Effects of Soil Cd on Rice Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaf and Yield Components Under Two Soil Types

作　　者：范中亮[1] 杨菲[1] 吴琦[1] 季辉[1] 张卫建[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学应用生态研究所,南京210095 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第6期1021-1026,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD02A15;2007BAD89B12);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803028)

摘　　要：以杂交籼稻(K优818)为材料,设置不同Cd浓度水平,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤类型下(潮土和水稻土)重金属Cd对剑叶光合特性和水稻产量及其构成的影响。结果显示,在3mg·kg-1浓度水平下,与对照相比,两种土壤类型下Cd处理均提高了水稻剑叶净光合速率(Pn),其中潮土条件下Pn提高了6.4%;而当Cd处理浓度达到7mg·kg-1时,两种土壤条件下Pn均显著下降,其中水稻土条件下Pn与对照相比下降了13.8%。Cd在低浓度水平(1～3mg·kg-1)时,两种土壤类型下水稻结实率和单穗重均略有下降;但在高浓度水平(5～7mg·kg-1)下,水稻结实率和单穗重均显著下降(P<0.05)。不同土壤类型下,Cd的毒害效应差异显著,相同处理水平下水稻土Cd对水稻Pn和单穗重的抑制效应显著高于潮土。Increasing attentions have been paid to the food safety along with people＇s living improvement.Cd is one of the most deadly heavy metal to human healthy.Due to unreasonable use and management,a considerable area of farmland soil has been contaminated by Cd.In order to understand the impacts of soil Cd on rice production,a pot culture experiment was conducted with one rice variety of hybrid Indica KU 818 under two soil types（alluvial soil and paddy soil）in 2008,Nanjing City.Five soil treatment levels（0、1、3、5、7 mg Cd·kg-1 soil）were selected with three replicates.The effects of soil Cd on flag leaf photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and grain yield components were tested in this experiment.The results showed that below the Cd treatment level of 3 mg·kg-1,the net photosynthesis rates（Pn）of rice flag leaf significantly increased in the two soil types,and the increment was 6.4% in the alluvial soil.Above the level of 3 mg·kg-1,the values of Pn significantly decreased in the two soil types,and the reduction was 13.8% at the level of 7 mg·kg-1 compared to the CK in the paddy soil.Also,below the level of 3 mg·kg-（11～3 mg·kg-1）,the single spike weight and seed-setting rates of rice slightly reduced relative to the control,but the reduction was significant compared to the CK when the treatment level increased（5～7 mg·kg-1）.There were significant differences in the inhibitory effects of Cd on the Pn,SPAD values,and single panicle weight between soil types,significant higher inhibitory effects existed in the paddy soil.These results suggest that soil Cd may stimulate rice growth under low level,and the mechanism need to further study.Moreover,different practices should be executed for crop production with high quality and safety in different field condition due to the soil condition differences.

关 键 词：水稻 Cd 剑叶 光合作用 产量构成 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]