混合植物蛋白源对罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体组成及表观消化率的影响  

Effect of Plant Protein Sources on Growth Performance,Body Composition and Apparent Digestibility in Juvenile Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：仲维玮[1] 文华[2,3] 蒋明[2,3] 吴凡[2,3] 袁丹宁[1] 刘太亮[1] 刘伟[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水生态与健康养殖重点实验室/长江水产研究所,荆州434000 [3]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,无锡214081

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2010年第3期356-362,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：2007年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(nyhyzx07-044);罗非鱼现代产业技术体系建设(nycytx-48-9);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心)资助

摘　　要：以混合植物蛋白源（棉粕/菜粕/玉米蛋白粉/蚕豆的质量比为1∶1∶1∶1）分别替代0%、25%、50%、75%、100%鱼粉,配制成5组等氮（粗蛋白为30%）、等能（总能为20 kJ/g）的饲料,探讨混合植物蛋白源替代鱼粉对初始体质量为（7.16±0.81）g的尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体组成及消化率的影响,试验期为10周。结果表明：混合植物蛋白源替代25%~75%鱼粉时,罗非鱼的质量增量、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和饲料系数与对照组无显著差异,替代100%鱼粉时,罗非鱼的质量增量、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著低于其他处理组,饲料系数显著高于其他处理组;混合植物蛋白源替代鱼粉对鱼体的肝体比、脏体比无显著影响;随着混合植物蛋白源替代比例的升高,罗非鱼全鱼粗蛋白质、灰分含量显著降低,粗脂肪含量显著升高,但肌肉的营养组成不受影响;除组氨酸含量随替代比例的增加而升高外,混合植物蛋白源替代鱼粉对鱼体肌肉的必需氨基酸、总氨基酸无显著影响,100%替代组的肌肉呈味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例显著低于对照组,而其他处理组与对照组无显著差异;100%替代组的蛋白质和氨基酸消化率显著低于25%、50%、75%替代组和对照组,但各处理组的脂肪消化率差异不显著。本试验条件下,以生长、体组成及消化率为评价指标,罗非鱼饲料中以混合植物蛋白源替代75%鱼粉是可行的。A study with increasing levels of a plant protein mixture（PM） replacing fish meal（FM） in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia,was conducted to elucidate effects on its growth performance,body conposition and digestibility.The PM was consisted of 25% cottonseed meal,25% rapeseed meal,25% corn gulten meal and 25% broad bean.Five isonitrogenous（crude protein 30%） and isoenergetic（20 kJ/g） diets replacing 0%（control）,25%（PM25）,50%（PM50）,75%（PM75） and 100%（PM100） of the FM with PM were formulated.Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups with 30 Nile tilapia juveniles（initial body weight 7.16±0.81 g） in 400 L aquaria for 10 weeks.The water temperature was 21±0.5℃,and dissolved oxygen was approximately 5.0 mg/L during the experimental period.The results showed that weight gain rate（WGR）,specific growth rate（SGR）,feed conversion ratio（FCR） and protein efficiency ratio（PER） of fish fed with diets PM25,PM50,PM75 were not significantly different from those of fish fed with control diet,while fish fed with PM100 had significant difference with those of fish fed with the other diets.No significant differences in HSI and VSI were observed among dietary treaments.The whole body proximate analysis showed that protein and ash contents significantly decreased with increasing dietary PM levels,while the whole body lipid content increased.Except hisidine content was increased with increasing dietary PM levels,there were no significant effects on muscle indispensable amino acid（IAA） and total amino acid contents.Taste amino acid to total amino acid ratio decreased with increasing dietary PM levels,and no effect on total amino acid content was observed.PM substitution up to 75% of the FM protein did not result in differences in the apparent digestibility of protein and total amino acid compared with the control,whereas in the PM100 group digestibility was significantly lower than the other groups;no significant effects were found on lipid digestibility.These results

关 键 词：尼罗罗非鱼 混合植物蛋白源 鱼粉 生长 表观消化率 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]