带状种植小麦带型-群体-产量相关规律研究  

Studies on Correlation of Strip Type-Seed Rate-Yield of Strip Planting Wheat

作　　者：赵秉强[1] 余松烈[1] 李凤超 于振文[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物营养系,北京100094 [2]山东农业大学

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1999年第1期33-39,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：山东省"三○"工程子专题基金;山东农业大学博士基金

摘　　要：在高产田条件下，选用了中穗型冬小麦品种泰８７６１６１，设计小麦大小行播种，小行距 ２０ｃｍ，大行距分别为３０、４０、７０及１００ｃｍ，形成了５０（２０＋３０）、６０（２０＋４０）、９０（２０＋７０）及１２０ （２０＋１００）ｃｍ ４种带型模式，以常规 ２０ｃｍ等行距（２０＋２０）模式栽培作对照。试验又设置了 ５个 播种密度，即１ｍ单行基本苗数分别为１５、３０、４５、６０及７５。研究了小麦带型－群体－产量的相关规 律。主要结果是：（１）行产量（ｙ）随宽行距（ｘ）加宽而提高，增长规律拟合为ｙ＝ａ／ｘ＋ｂ的函数 形式。（２）随播种密度加大，（２０＋２０）、（２０＋３０）及（２０＋４０）模式行产量明显下降，而（２０十７０）及 （２０＋１００）模式则下降不甚明显。各带型均在精量播种下（１５苗／ｍ）获得高产。（３）随宽行距（ｘ） 加宽，产量（ｙ）拟合为ｙ＝ａｘｅ~ｂｘ的函数变化形式，１５、３０、４５、６０及７５苗／ｍ拟合的最高产量的宽 行距分别为３９．５５、４１．１１、４４．１０、４３．９３及４４．９３ｃｍ。５个密度平均拟合方程为ｙ＝ ３６．６０６８４ｘｅ~－２．３５３１１９×10~－２ｘ，ｒ＝－０．９９４６１８９~＊＊，最高产量的宽行?On a fertile land, a winter wheat cultivar with medium spike size Tat 876161 was chosen and planted in sowing patterns in which 20cm narrow row space paired with 30cm, 40cm, 70cm or 100cm wide row space respectively were designed, and thus, forming four different strip patterns of 50(20+30)cm, 60(20+40)cm, 90 (20+70)cm and 120(20+100)cm, taking the conventional 20cm equal row spacing (strip width pattern of 20 + 20) pattern as control. Five different seed rates were employed, ie, one metre single row had 15, 30, 45, 60 or 75 seedlings respectively. The main results are as follows: (1)The single row yield(y) increases in the way y=a/x + b as the wide row space(x) changes from narrow to wide. (2) The yield of strip type (20+ 20) (CK), (20+ 30),and (20+40) decreases markedly as the seed rate change from low to high,while strip type (20+ 70) and (20+100) decreases slightly. Each strip type acquires peak yield throuth employing small seed rate(15 seedlings/m). (3)As the wide row space (x) changes from narrow to wide, yield per 666. 7m^2 (y) changes in the way y = axe^bx. The calculated wide row space of peak yield of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 seedlings/m is 39. 55,41. 11, 44. 10, 43. 93 and 44. 93cm respectively. Use the average of the five seed rates, the formula is y = 36. 60684xe^-2.353119×10^-2x, r = 0. 9946189~**, and the calculated peak yield wide row space is 42. 50cm. (4) (20+40) pattern (paired row sowing with 20cm narrow row space and 40cm wide row space) can best coordinate the relations between spike number, grain number per spike and grain weight,thus it has the peak yield. Moreover,40cm wide row space is suit able for intercropping winter or spring vegetable crops and for relay cropping corn,peanut, cotton,soybean or ginger etc.

关 键 词：冬小麦 播种密度 间套作 播种方式 产量 

分 类 号：S512.104[农业科学—作物学]