我国棉枯萎镰刀菌生理小种变异监测研究  

Study on Monitoring of Physiological Race of Cotton Fusarium Wilt in China

作　　者：孙文姬[1] 简桂良[1] 陈其煐 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1999年第1期51-57,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"七五";"八五"科技攻关和植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室开放基金

摘　　要：对 １９８６～１９９７年在我国 １０个主要产棉省（区）采集的 ８４个棉枯萎镰刀菌代表菌系 进行了致病力测定。结果表明：总体上生理小种类型和分布与１９８５年报道的基本相同，仍为第 ３、７、８号３个小种，其中７号小种占８３．３％，是我国毒力强的优势小种，广泛分布于我国各大棉 区；３号和８号小种分别局限于新疆吐鲁番地区和湖北新州地区。同时发现局部地区有些菌系 出现了变异，特别是１９９１～１９９４年采集的３号小种５个菌系出现了对鉴别寄主萨克尔的致病 力明显减弱的变异型。鉴于国际通用的鉴别寄主中的所有棉属寄主均被７号小种菌系高度感 染，不能明显区分不同菌系间的致病力强弱，笔者增加了我国抗、感性不同的棉属辅助鉴别寄 主，并改用病情指数划分棉属鉴别寄主３个反应型（Ｒ，Ｗ，Ｓ），依据平均病指大小将７号小种内 的菌系分为强、中、弱３个类群。84 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum collected from 10 main cotton growing provinces have been identified by means of pathogenicity test in 1986~1997. Results showed that the physiological race types were almost the same as that re ported in 1985. They are still race 3, 7, 8. Among them race 7 with strong pathogenicitywas 83. 3% and still a predominant race in China. It distributed throughout cotton growingareas. Race 3 and race & were still restricted in prefecture Tulufan prefecture Xinjiang Autonomous region and Xinzhou Hubei Province respectively. While some strains appeared to have variable types. The pathogenicity of 5 strains of race 3 collected in 1991 ~1994 es pecially decreased to significantly on Sakel host. Because all the original differential hosts of Gossypium were very susceptible to race 7,the strains of the race 7 could hardly be dis tiguished in their pathogenicity degree. The resistance and susceptible hosts of Gossypium were added as complement differential hosts. The disease index was used to devide 3 reac tion types (R, W, S). According to the average disease index, the strains of race 7 were classified into three groups of strong, moderate and weak pathogenicity.

关 键 词：棉枯萎镰刀菌 生理小种 鉴别寄主 病情指数 变异 

分 类 号：S435.621.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]