作物水分生产率改善途径与方法研究综述  

Overview of recent study on improvement approaches and methods for crop water productivity

作　　者：许迪[1,2] 龚时宏[1,2] 李益农[1,2] 刘钰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《水利学报》2010年第6期631-639,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家973计划项目课题(2006CB403405);国家863计划重点项目课题(2006AA100210);国家科技支撑计划重点项目课题(2006BAD11B02)

摘　　要：在阐述影响作物水分生产率的主要因素基础上,对作物水分生产率改善途径与方法的研究进展及内容进行综述。现有研究表明,获取单位用水的最高产量即极大化作物水分生产率是当今农业节水面临的最重要挑战之一,较高的作物水分生产率与适度产量间的结合对干旱缺水地区的作物高效用水意义重大,生物节水(品种遗传改良、作物生理学特性调节等)与工程节水(节水灌溉方法、非充分灌溉制度等)和农艺节水(增加土壤肥力和有机质、保护性耕作措施等)的紧密集合可在很大程度上解决农业缺水问题。应采用新的科学方法与信息,着重从农作物品种的基因改良、考虑灌溉经济社会净收益极大化的经济效率分析、农作物种植收益的风险评估等方面入手,研究和改善用于提高作物水分生产率的途径与方法。This paper presents an overview of the advancement in study and topics of the improvement approaces and methods for crop water productivity on the basis of elaborating the main factors that affect crop water productivity.The maximum yield obtained from unit water,i.e.maximizing the crop water productivity,is one of the most important topics of study on agricultural water saving.The coordination of higher crop water productivity with moderate crop yield has important significance in the effective use of water in arid and water shortage areas.Combining the biological water-saving measures,such as improvement of variety inheritance and adjustment of crop physiological characteristics,with engineering solutions including the water saving irrigation method,deficit irrigation,and agronomic manipulation（increase of soil fertility and organic matter,protective tilling measure,etc.） may solve the problem of water shortage in agriculture to a certain extent.New scientific method and information are needed in the study on the approaches and methods to improve crop water productivity,starting mainly with gene improvement of crop variety,economic efficiency analysis considering the maximization of net social benefit of irrigation economy and risk management of crop incomee,tc.

关 键 词：作物水分生产率 节水 灌溉 农艺 工程 生物 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]