三江平原土地利用／覆被变化对区域植被碳储量的影响  

Impact of land use and land cover change on the vegetation carbon storage in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：常守志[1,2] 王宗明[1] 宋开山[1] 刘殿伟[1] 张柏[1] 张春华[1,2] 张素梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态科学》2010年第3期207-214,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助(编号：2009CB421103);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-341);国家自然科学基金项目(40930527、40871187)

摘　　要：通过历史时期地图数字化和遥感图像解译得到三江平原1954～2005年的6期土地利用/覆被数据。根据IPCC《2006指南》提供的方法，评估土地利用/覆被变化对三江平原植被碳储量的影响。结果表明：三江平原1954～2005年土地利用/覆被变化显著，农田大面积增加，沼泽湿地、林地、草地面积锐减；土地利用/覆被变化主要发生在农田、沼泽湿地、林地和草地之间；农田是沼泽湿地、林地、草地的主要转出对象，林地的主要转入来源为农田和草地，沼泽湿地的主要转入来源为农田和林地。1954～2005年共有1.07×10^3 km^2林地、5.73×10^3 km^2草地和2.59×10^4 km^2沼泽湿地转出为农田。土地利用/覆被变化导致三江平原植被碳储量不断减少，1954～2005年三江平原植被碳储量共减少57.48Tg。林地、沼泽湿地、草地向农田的转化及林地向草地、沼泽湿地的转化导致植被碳储量减少97.06Tg，农田向林地、沼泽湿地、草地的转化及草地、沼泽湿地向林地转化导致植被碳储量增加39.58Tg。Terrestrial ecosystems are important carbon pools. Land use and cover changes affect the terrestrial carbon storage significantly. In this paper, six stages of spatial database from 1954 to 2005 were established with digitization of topographical maps and interpretation of remote sensing imageries. Using the method provided by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, impacts of land-use change on carbon storage of vegetation were assessed. The results indicate that land use and cover changes in the study area were dramatic during 1954-2005. The area of farmland increased, while the area of marsh, forest and grassland decreased sharply. The land use/cover changes mainly occurred among farmlands, marshes, forest lands and grasslands. Marsh, forest and grassland were mainly converted to farmland. The land types converted to forest included farmland and grassland, and the main land types converted to marsh were farmland and forest. From 1954 to 2005, a total of 1.07×10^3 km^2 forest, 5.73×10^3 km^2 grassland and 2.59×10^4 km^2 marsh have transferred to farmland. Land use and cover changes led to steady decline of carbon storage in vegetation and the total loss of vegetation carbon storage from 1954to 2005 is 57.48Tg The transformation of forest, marsh and grassland into farmland or the transformation of forest into grassland and marsh led to reduction of 97.06Tg carbon storage in vegetation. The transform of farmland to forest, marsh and grassland and the transform of grassland and marsh to forest led to the increase of 39.58Tg carbon storage in vegetation.

关 键 词：植被碳储量 土地利用/覆被变化 遥感和GIS 三江平原 

分 类 号：F301.124[经济管理—产业经济] Q148[生物学—生态学]