宁夏荒漠草原优势蚁类行为生态学特性的初步研究  

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICSS OF ANT DOMINANT SPECIES ON THE DESERT GRASSLAND IN NINGXIA

作　　者：长有德[1] 贺答汉[1] 李秋霞 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农学院农学系,宁夏永宁750105

出　　处：《宁夏农学院学报》1999年第1期7-10,共4页Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：宁夏荒漠半荒漠地区蚂蚁种类达20余种。根据种群数量和分布地域，针毛收获蚁Messoraciculatus（smith）、艾前蚁Cataglyphisaenescens(Nylander)、铺道蚁TetramoriumcaespitumL.亮毛蚁LasiusfuliginosusL.掘穴蚁FormicacuniculariaLatreille、佐村悍蚁PolyergussamuraiYano、阿禄斜结蚁PlagiolepisalluaudiEmery和蒙古原蚁ProformicamongolicaEmery为优势种。本文以野外调查和室内饲养相结合，较为系统地记述了以上优势蚁类穴巢结构、活动节律、食性、产卵、穴巢位点选择及栖境与植被的关系等行为生态学特性。并讨论了艾箭蚁作为害虫天敌在草原生态系统中的作用及针毛收获蚁种子收获行为和掘穴蚁营巢行为对草地、特别是人工固沙林草地荒漠化的影响。There are more than 20 ant species in the desert and semi-desert regions ofNingxia, Messor aciculatus (Smith ), Cataglyphis aenescens (Nylander ), Tetramoriumcaespitunl L., fusius fttliginosus L., Formica cunicularia Latreille, Polyergus sa muraiYano, Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery and Proformica mongolica Emery are dominant species according to their colony individual number and population distribution. In this paper, the behavioral ecological characteristics of the eight species involving nest structure, nest site selecting mechanism, food, foraging, activity patterns and the relationship between ecologicaldistribution and environmental vegetation were descriptively recorded. In addtion, the ecological position of C. aenescens with large colony individuals and extensive geographic distribution as predator to pests in desert ecosystem and the effects of seed-harvesting behavior ofM. aciculatus and crazily nest-digging behavior of F. cunicularia on the disertification ofgrassland and especially artificial sand-fixation grassland were discussed.

关 键 词：宁夏 荒漠草原 优势蚁类 行为生态 

分 类 号：Q969.554.2[生物学—昆虫学]