论我国棉花质量现状  

Discussion on the Current Situation of Cotton Quality in China

作　　者：项时康[1,2] 余楠[1,2] 胡育昌 唐淑荣[1,2] 熊宗伟 杨伟华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部棉花品质监督检验测试中心 [2]农业部棉花遗传育种重点开放实验室

出　　处：《棉花学报》1999年第1期1-10,共10页Cotton Science

摘　　要：通过国内外棉花抽样测试和广泛调研认为，我国目前原棉内在品质处于国际同一水平，可以满足纺织工业的要求，不必大量进口。文章在分析了我国不同生态区原棉的特点后指出，影响棉花产量和质量的主要因素是黄萎病、棉铃虫、棉蚜、低温寡照、旱、涝、盐碱等不利生态条件。因此，今后要把抗逆性育种作为棉花科技的重要内容，保证在提高棉花产量的基础上，改善棉花品质，满足纺织工业对不同纤维品质的要求，注意发放纤维长度３１ｍｍ、比强度２５ｃＮ·ｔｅｘ－１（ＩＣＣ校准）以上，麦克隆值３．７～４．２的特优质的棉花品种。文章在分析了流通领域等级混杂、异性纤维污染等状况后，提出修订棉花国家标准，建立产供销一体化的棉业集团等建议，以求全面提高我国棉花质量。Based on the sampling and test of cotton samples produced by home and foreign countries, we hold that the inner quality of domestic raw cotton is at the same level with that of the world. At present, domestic cotton can satisfy the needs of textile industry and there is no need to import cotton in a great quantity. After analysis of characteristics of raw cotton from different ecological regions in China, it is pointed out that the primary factors affected the yield and quality of cotton are unfavorable ecological conditions such as Verticilium sp., Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, Aphis gossypii Glover, low temperature, inadequate sunshine, drought, water logging and saline alkali soil. Therefore, multi resistance breeding should be taken for an important content in cotton researches. On the basis of enhancing the output of cotton, the fiber quality must be improved so as to produce the different fabrics of textile industry. We should pay attention to breed and release exceptional high quality cotton varieties that the fiber length is over 31mm, the specific strength is over 25 cN·tex -1 (ICC calibration) and the micronaire is between 3.7～ 4.2 . After the analysis on the present confusion in cotton grades, cotton circulation field, and the comtamination of cotton with trash such as foreign fibers, suggestions are put forward on revising the current national cotton standards, and setting up cotton industrial groups that merge the cotton production, supply and market into community so as to improve the cotton quality comprehensively.

关 键 词：棉花 纤维 质量 中国 

分 类 号：TS102.211[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程] S562[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]