羌塘高原高寒草地生态系统生产力动态  

Spatiotemporal pattern of alpine grassland productivity in Qiangtang Plateau

作　　者：王景升[1] 张宪洲[1] 赵玉萍[1,2] 秦泗国[3] 武建双[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第6期1400-1404,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC01A04);国家科技部基础研究计划项目(05G50292AI)资助

摘　　要：基于实测气象数据和遥感数据,分析了藏北地区气候变化趋势,并采用植被-气候综合模型和CASA模型模拟分析了藏北草地潜在和现实净第一性生产力(NPP)的动态变化和空间格局.结果表明:1955—2004年间,羌塘高原年平均气温上升了1.37℃,降水量增加了63mm,中、东部区域的气候趋于暖湿化,西部区域趋于暖干化,目前气候变化尚未引起草地退化.草地潜在NPP平均值为东部>中部>西部.1982—2004年,由于水热条件的变化,中部区域的潜在NPP增加值最高,达0.55t.hm-2.a-1,东部和西部分别为0.51和0.21t.hm-2.a-1;东、中、西部现实NPP增量分别为-0.19、-0.03和0.20t.hm-2.a-1.超载过牧是东、中部草地退化的主要原因,中部是草地保护恢复工程的最佳实施区域.Based on the meteorological data and remote sensing data,and by using vegetation-climate comprehensive model and CASA model,this paper analyzed the climate change trend and the spatiotemporal pattern of alpine grassland potential and actual net primary productivity （NPP） in Qiantang Plateau. In 1955-2004,the mean annual temperature and annual cumulated precipitation in the Plateau increased by 1.37 ℃ and 63 mm,respectively. The climate in the central and eastern parts of the Plateau became warmer and wetter,whereas it was warmer and dryer in the western part. However,the regional climate change did not yet result in grassland degradation. The mean potential NPP of alpine grassland was in the order of eastern part central part western part. From 1982 to 2004,the potential NPP in the central part had the largest increment （0.55 t·hm-2·a-1）,followed by in the eastern part （0.51 t·hm-2·a-1） and western part （0.21 t·hm-2·a-1）,which was consequent with the spatiotemporal pattern of climate change in the study area. In contrast,the actual NPP in the eastern,central,and western parts in the past two decades was -0.19,-0.03,and 0.20 t·hm-2·a-1,respectively. Overgrazing was the main reason of grassland degradation in the central and eastern parts,and the central part was the key layout area for the implement of ＇grazing withdrawal and management of grassland＇ project.

关 键 词：羌塘高原 气候变化 模型 净第一性生产力 草地退化 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]