不同稻作方式对稻田杂草群落的影响  

Effects of different rice farming systems on paddy field weed community

作　　者：张丹[1,2] 闵庆文[1] 成升魁[1] 杨海龙[1,2] 何露[1,2] 焦雯珺[1,2] 刘珊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第6期1603-1608,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：联合国-西班牙千年发展目标基金项目(UNJP/CPR/040/SPA);GEF项目(GCP/GLO/212/GEF);农业部国际合作交流项目"稻鱼共生农业文化遗产保护示范与推广"资助

摘　　要：运用半试验与调查相结合的方法,以贵州省从江县传统农业区的糯稻和杂交稻为例,研究了在水稻单作(R)、稻-鱼(R-F)和稻-鱼-鸭(R-F-D)3种不同稻作方式下稻田杂草群落的特征.结果表明:糯稻在3种稻作方式下的抑制杂草能力均优于杂交稻;R-F-D显著降低了田间杂草的发生密度,对鸭舌草、节节菜等的抑制效果达到100%,总体抑制杂草效果显著优于其他稻作方式,杂草的物种丰富度及Shannon多样性指数显著降低,Pielou均匀度指数提高,表明群落物种组成发生了很大的改变,降低了原来优势杂草的发生,是一种较好的可达到抑制杂草效果的稻作方式.Taking the paddy fields planted with glutinous rice and hybrid rice in the traditional agricultural region in Congjiang County of Guizhou Province as the case,and by using semi-experiment combined with random sampling investigation,this paper studied the characteristics of weed community in the paddy fields under rice monoculture （R）,rice-fish culture （R-F）,and rice-fish-duck culture （R-F-D）. Under the three rice farming systems,glutinous rice had higher capability in inhibiting weeds,compared with hybrid rice. Farming system R-F-D decreased the weed density significantly,with the control effect on Monochoia vaginalis and Rotala indica being 100%. The overall weed-inhibiting effect of R-F-D was significantly higher than that of the other farming systems. Under R-F-D,the species richness and Shannon diversity index of weed community decreased markedly,while the Pielou evenness index increased,indicating that the species composition of weed community changed greatly,and the occurrence of native dominant weed species decreased. It was concluded that R-F-D was a feasible farming system for the control of paddy field weed community.

关 键 词：稻作方式 物种多样性 均匀度 相似性 传统农业 贵州省从江县 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]