北京市某区大气可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物对儿童肺功能的短期影响  

Short-time effects of inhalable particles and fine particles on children's lung function in a district in Beijing

作　　者：王欣[1] 邓芙蓉[1] 吴少伟[1] 郑迎东[2] 孙秀明[1] 刘红[1] 郭新彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京100191

出　　处：《北京大学学报（医学版）》2010年第3期340-344,共5页Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAI19B06);国家环境保护部"环境与健康专项"资助~~

摘　　要：目的：研究大气可吸入颗粒物PM10（particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter〈10μm）和细颗粒物PM2.5（particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter〈2.5μm）对健康学龄儿童肺功能的短期影响。方法：于2008年10月选取北京市两所小学的216名7~11岁小学生为研究对象,统一测量其反映呼吸道大气道功能和小气道功能的8项肺功能指标,同时监测肺功能测量当天及前4天校园中PM2.5的水平及温度和相对湿度,并同时收集由北京市环保局公布的学校附近监测站的PM10的浓度数据;采用岭回归分析PM10和PM2.5对肺功能的短期影响。结果：在累计滞后1d（Lag0-1）和2d（Lag0-2）时,随着PM10和PM2.5浓度的增加,反映大气道功能的缓慢肺活量（slowvital capaci-ty,SVC）、用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）和第一秒用力肺活量（forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1.0）以及反映小气道功能的最大呼气中段流速（forced expiratory flow between25%and75%of vital capacity,FEF25-75）、75%用力肺活量时的呼气流速（forced expiratory flow after25%of vital capacity has been expelled,FEF25）和50%用力肺活量时的呼气流速（forced expiratory flow after50%of vital capacity has been expelled,FEF50）有不同程度的下降,但以大气道功能指标下降更为明显,且女生的SVC、FVC和FEV1.0的下降程度略大于男生。结论：大气PM10和PM2.5对儿童肺功能存在短期负效应,并存在一定滞后性,且在反映大气道功能的指标FVC和FEV1.0上表现得更为明显;女生的大气道功能对于颗粒物的不良影响更为敏感。Objective：To study short-term effects of PM10（particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter10 μm）and PM2.5（particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm）on children＇s lung function in one district in Beijing.Methods：Two hundred and sixteen healthy students aged between 7 and 11 year-old were selected from two primary schools in Beijing in October 2008,and every subject was tested with eight lung function parameters.Levels of PM2.5 in the schoolyards were monitored.Temperature and relative humidity were also recorded.PM10 data was collected from the nearby monitoring sites.The association between children＇s lung function and PM10 and PM2.5 were analyzed by using ridge regression model.Results：The decrements found in indicators reflecting large airway characteristics including slow vital capacity（SVC）,forced vital capacity（FVC）,forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1.0）,and in indicators reflecting small airway characteristics including forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity（FEF25-75）,forced expiratory flow after 25% of vital capacity has been expelled（FEF25）,forced expiratory flow after 50% of vital capacity has been expelled（FEF50）,were associated with accumulated 1-day lagged and 2-day lagged PM2.5 and PM10,while FVC and FEV1.0 decreased more significantly,and the declines of SVC,FVC and FEV1.0 in girls were slightly greater than that in boys.Conclusion：PM2.5 and PM10 had short-term adverse health effects on children＇s lung function.The effects on parameters reflecting large airway characteristics such as FVC and FEV1.0 were even more obvious.The large airways of girls might be more susceptible to ambient particulate matter.

关 键 词：可吸入颗粒物 细颗粒物 呼吸功能试验 儿童 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]