汶川地震灾区堰塞湖流域面雨量计算方法研究  

Research on the Areal Precipitation Calculation Method for Dammed Lakes in Wenchuan Earthquake Disastrous Areas

作　　者：王志 赵琳娜 张国平 许凤雯 

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2010年第6期7-12,共6页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：中国气象局新技术推广项目(CMATG2009YB15)"复杂地形下降水空间分析关键技术研究";(CMATG2010M33)"基于GIS的精细化面雨量预报平台建设及推广应用";国家气象中心青年基金项目"应急服务中基于GIS的面雨量;体积水预报技术"共同资助

摘　　要：2008年5月12日汶川大地震发生后,唐家山等堰塞湖水位上升,直接威胁到灾区下游地区人民生命财产安全,堰塞湖面雨量的预报至关重要。应用GIS技术,通过数字高程模型(DEM)、水系资料、堰塞湖位置等信息,应用水流逆向搜索方法,并参照航拍影像和1:5万高程数据进行修正,提取出南坝、唐家山、肖家桥以及老鹰岩等堰塞湖上游小流域和地震灾区所处的嘉陵江、岷江、涪江、沱江以及青衣江上游流域边界,应用泰森多边形法开展了以上流域面雨量预报。初步建立了面对突发性应急事件,流域特征信息不完备状况下的小流域面雨量预报服务技术,为应急决策服务提供了水文气象技术支持。It is vital to forecast the areal precipitation of the dammed lakes＇ upper basines and the upper reaches of the rivers in the situation with the water level rising,which threats to the safety of life and property after the occurrence of the Wenehuan Earthquake.In the paper,it is realized the boundary extractions of the upper basins of Nanba,Tangjiashan,Xiaojiaqiao and Laoyingyan dammed lakes and the upper reaches of Jialing River,Minjiang River,Fujiang River,Tuojiang River and Qingyi River by using the DEM model,river map and the locations of dammed lakes based on the GIS system.The areal precipitation is calculated with the forecasting precipitation data of the weather stations in disastrous areas by the Thiessen polygon method.It is established a method of areal precipitation forecasting technology under the condition of incomplete information of basin characteristics available as well as emergency states,and it provides the technical support for decision making service on hydrometeorology.

关 键 词：面雨量 边界提取 堰塞湖 数字高程模型 泰森多边形法 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]