水稻“精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大穗强后”超高产定量化栽培模式  

The SOI Model of Quantitative Cultivation of Super-High Yielding Rice

作　　者：张洪程[1] 吴桂成[1] 吴文革[1,2] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 许轲[1] 高辉[1] 魏海燕[1] 黄幸福[1] 龚金龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第13期2645-2660,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程(2004BA520A03;2004BA520A21);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03);超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项)

摘　　要：【目的】寻求水稻稳定超高产的栽培模式。【方法】以早熟晚粳品种武粳15、常优1号为供试材料,其它栽培措施统一在最佳技术指标前提下,就氮肥运筹与穗肥施用叶龄期,设置了稳前优中强后、平衡促进和促前控中3种栽培模式,并以长江中下游地区单季稻大面积生产上的常规栽培模式为CK,对产量及其结构、群体生长发育动态以及根系活力等方面进行系统比较。同时,在江苏东海、兴化、高邮、常熟等地,以徐稻3号、常优1号、陵香优18、武粳15等品种为材料,进行(15—50)×667m2连片的稳前优中强后超高产栽培综合试验与扩大到100×667m2连片试验田上的生产性验证试验。【结果】2品种稳前优中强后、平衡促进2模式的实产均达到了超高产水平(≥750kg/667m2)。与CK相比,稳前优中强后、平衡促进2模式每穗粒数多、群体颖花量大,单位面积穗数、结实率和千粒重则与之相当;2模式的群体于有效分蘖临界叶龄期准时够苗,高峰苗出现在拔节期,且数量适中(适宜穗数的1.3—1.4倍),此后群体平缓消减,至抽穗期基本稳定,最终成穗率显著高于CK;其群体LAI动态与茎蘖动态趋势基本一致,最大LAI均出现在孕穗期,为8.0—8.5,成熟期仍保持3.5—4.0;群体光合势与干物质积累,2模式在生育前期(移栽—拔节期)较CK低,中期(拔节—抽穗期)与CK相当,后期(抽穗—成熟期)显著高于CK;2模式在拔节期的根系干重与CK相当,抽穗期和成熟期则显著高于CK,而这3个时期的根冠比均显著高于CK,其抽穗后(抽穗—腊熟期)的根系平均伤流量与颖花根流量均显著高于CK。同时,连续2年多地的稳前优中强后超高产综合栽培试验以及后3年扩大到100×667m2连片试验田上的生产性验证试验,实产均达800kg/667m2左右。【结论】揭示了水稻超高产栽培的根本在于"强支撑、扩库容、促充实";提出了水稻精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大�【Objective】 A model of cultivation for stable yield of super-high-yielding rice was studied. 【Method】 Taking the early-maturing late-japonica varieties,Wujing 15 and Changyou 1,as materials,through the nitrogen fertilizer regimes under other cultivating conditions all being the optimal,three strategic management models of cultivation were examined,i.e. SOI （stabilizing,optimizing,intensifying during the early ,middle,late phase correspondingly to adopt the ratio of basal-tillering and panicle initiating fertilizer of 50：50 and nitrogen applying leaf age of remaining leaf primordium number of 4,3）,BP （balance promoting during all phase to adopt the ratio of basal-tillering and panicle initiating fertilizer of 40：60 and nitrogen applying leaf age of remaining leaf primordium number of 5,4,3） and PC （promoting,controlling during the early,middle phase correspondingly to adopt the ratio of basal-tillering and panicle initiating fertilizer of 75：25 and nitrogen applying leaf age of remaining leaf primordium number of 5）,in contrast to the CK （A model of conventional cultivation management） in field production of one-seasoned rice in the region of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Their results were systematically compared in various aspects,such as yielding and its components,dynamics of population stems and tillers,leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,grain-leaf ratio,production of dry matter,root activity after heading,etc. In addition,confirmatory tests on the practicability of the super high yield cultivation of the SOI model on 6.7 hectares of contiguous fields,as well as comprehensive experiments in the scale of 1-3.3 hectares,were performed using other varieties,Xudao 3,Changyou 1,Lingxiangyou 18 and Wujing 15,in the areas of Donghai,Xinghua,Gaoyou and Changshu of Jiangsu. 【Result】 The yields of SOI and BP were ranking up to the level of super-high-yield（≥750 kg/667m2） in two varieties. Compared with CK,more spikelets per panicle and population spikel

关 键 词：水稻 精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大穗强后 超高产 定量化栽培模式 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]