我国疾病预防控制机构毒物检测能力的调查分析  

Investigation on capacity of poison detection of Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in China

作　　者：谢立璟[1] 张宏顺[1] 张寿林[1] 孟聪申[1] 周静[1] 蒋绍锋[1] 王明良[1] 孙承业[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2010年第3期173-176,180,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：科技部国家科研院所社会公益研究专项中毒事件预警;应急和控制技术研究(2004DIB1J037)

摘　　要：目的了解我国疾病预防控制机构在处置突发中毒事件时毒物检测能力的现状。方法采取多阶段分层抽样方式对在31省(直辖市、自治区)范围内选取的57家不同级别疾病预防控制中心的毒物检测设备装备和中毒防治人员中毒现场毒物检测基础知识掌握情况等进行现况调查。结果 78.95%的机构能够开展常见毒物检测工作,每家机构能检测5(9)[中位数(四分位数间距)]种;82.46%的机构装备有不同种类实验室毒物检测设备,省级、市级、县级机构装备率分别为100%、95.24%、70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经济发达、中等、欠发达地区机构装备率分别为100%、80.00%、70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);47.37%的机构装备有现场快速毒物检测设备。中毒防治人员中毒现场毒物检测基础知识测试成绩为(70.48±13.24)分,不同经济水平地区机构、不同级别机构、不同职称、不同学历、检测专业与非检测专业的中毒防治人员之间测试成绩无专业差别。结论我国疾病预防控制机构已具备一定的突发中毒事件毒物检测应急能力,但根据国家要求及实际工作需要,尚不能完全有效应对突发中毒事件。Objective To understand the present capacity of poison detection of Disease Control and Prevention Institutions during disposal of poisoning accidents in China.Methods The status of the equipment for poison detection and the master degree of the basic knowledge about on site poison detection in professionals were investigated in 57 different levels of Disease Control and Prevention Centers selected from 31 provinces or big cities in China by the multi-stage stratified sampling.Results The results showed that 78.95% of the investigated institutions could carry out the common poison detection,the average number of poison type well inspected was 5（9）.82.46% of the investigated institutions are equipped with the poison detection devices,the percents of devices equipped in provincial,municipal and prefectural institutions were 100%、95.24% and 70.00%,respectively,there were some significant differences among them（P0.05）;the precents in well developed area,moderately developed area and developing area were 100%、80.00% and 70.00%,respectively,the differences were also significant（P0.05）;additionally,47.37% of the investigated institutions equipped rapid spot detection device for on site rapid poison analysis.The average score of basic knowledge test in poison detection was 70.48±13.24,there was no significant difference among the various levels or various regions of institutions,and the job titles,academic degrees or specialties.Conclusions The results suggested that the majority of the Disease Control and Prevention Centers in China have possessed certain poison detection capability for dealing with poisoning accident,but it was still not enough to work effectively,which should be further strengthened for meeting the national and actual demands.

关 键 词：突发中毒事件 应急能力 毒物检测 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R991[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]