幼儿胸腺的应用解剖学  

Applied anatomy of thymus in children

作　　者：庞刚[1] 王景德[2] 张为龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学人体解剖学教研室,合肥230032 [2]吉林大学白求恩医学部解剖学教研室,长春130021

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2010年第3期383-386,共4页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：安徽省高等学校青年教师科研基金（2005jql092）;安徽医科大学优秀青年教师后备人选科研基金

摘　　要：目的：对童尸胸腺进行应用解剖学研究，为胸腺手术和经皮胸腺穿刺术提供解剖学依据。方法：30例福尔马林固定童尸标本，解剖观测胸腺的形态、大小、位置与毗邻以及血液供应。结果：30例胸腺均为2叶型，左叶长、宽、厚度为59．41、23．74、8．02mm，右叶长、宽、厚度为60．20、22．49、8，39mm；左叶上极80．0％高出颈静脉切迹，最高1例高出至甲状腺下缘，而右叶上极63．3％高于颈静脉切迹而无高出至甲状腺下缘者；两侧叶下极48．3％平对第3肋软骨或其上、下缘处；两侧缘76．7％超出胸骨两侧缘；胸腺两侧叶动脉的来源72。0％来自于同侧的胸廓内动脉或甲状腺下动脉，静脉93．2％汇入头臂静脉或甲状腺下静脉。结论：幼儿胸腺的形态、位置变异较大，血供呈多源性。掌握其形态学特点对于胸腺疾病的诊断和治疗具有重要的应用价值。Objective：To provide anatomical data for thymic surgery and percutaneous paracentesis. Methods： The shape, size, position, relations and blood supply of the thymus were observed and measured on 30 children＇s cadavers. Results： Every thymus had two lobes. The average length, width and thickness of the left lobes of thymuses was 59.41 mm, 23.74 mm and 8.02 mm respectively, and that of the right lobes was 60.20 mm, 22.49 mm and 8.39 mm respectively. The upper pole of left lobe was higher than jugular notch in 80.0% cases and higher than the inferior margin of the thyroid gland in 1 case; that of right lobe was higher than jugular notch in 63.3 % cases and not higher than the inferior margin of the thyroid gland. The inferior pole of the thymus paralleled the 3^rd costal cartilages. The lateral margin of the thymus exceeded the lat- eral margin of sternum in 76.7 % cases. The arteries of thymus arose from the ipsolateral internal thoracic artery or the inferior thyroid artery in 72.0% cases and the veins of thymus returned to the brachiocephalic veins or inferior thyroid vein in 93.2 % cases. Conclusion： The shape and position of thymus had many variation and the blood supply showed multiple ori gins. The diagnosis and treatment of thymic diseases may profit from the detailed morphological characteristic of the thymus.

关 键 词：胸腺 应用解剖 幼儿 

分 类 号：R323.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]